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18- Individuals and groups within the Observatorio Crítico represent this and others like it. See http://observatoriocriticodesdecuba.word press.com/ 19-See http://observatoriocriticodesdecuba.word press.com/2011/06/23/propuesta-de-lacofradia-de-la-negritud/ 20-A notable referent in this trend is the political and intellectual work of historian Manuel Cuesta Morúa, leader of the Arco Progresista socialdemocratic platform, and member of the Citizens’ Committee for Racial Integration. See http://www.cubaprogresista.org/default.asp?page=Arco_ progres 21-See http://www.cir-integracionracial-cuba.org/informacion/ 22-See Antonio Madrazo Luna in the video “Racismo en Cuba”: http://vocescubanas.com/razonesciudada nas/ July 7, 2010. 23- The Latin American Studies Association. 24- José Felipe Carneado (1915-93) was Head of the Department of Sciences, Culture, and Teaching Centers for the Cuban Communist Party’s Central Committee. 25- Juan René Betancourt is a political activist who fights for the rights of AfroCubans. Consult the blog Posracialidad (CIR) at http://www.cir-integracionracial-cuba.org/juan-rene-betancourt/ 26- About Carlos Moore’s activities, author of Castro, the Blacks, and Africa (1989), see the review on the Posracialidad (CIR) blog: http://www.cir-integracion-racialcuba.org/carlos-moore/ 27-See Antonio Madrazo Luna at loc. cit. 28- Ibid. 29-Proyecto Social 34-49, January 2013, at the Programa de la Corriente Socialista Democrática Cubana, Anteproyecto: http://www.cubaprogresista.org/default.asp?page=Arco_ progres 38. 43