IDENTIDADES 1 ENGLISH IDENTIDADES 5 ENGLISH | Page 35

2- Helg, Aline. Lo que nos corresponde: la lucha de los negros y mulatos por
la igualdad en Cuba. 1866-1912. (La
Habana:
Imagen
Contemporánea,
2000): 46-49.

Perspectives
The reality of Cuban Afro-descendants
(blacks and mestizos) could become an
even more hostile one that it might
seem in theory. This is because these
new conditions, not just economic ones,
but also due to this historical-social
moment, are mapping out a new course
for a not too far off future.

3--Franco, José Luciano. La conspiración de Aponte. 1812. (La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2006): 178187.

The economic crisis since the collapse
of the socialist system (the political
elite’s strategic ally and economic buffer) caused an increase in social differences. This deepened the old prejudices
made operative by the Spanish-origin,
criollo class since the colonial era, as a
result of the plantation slave system,
and also reactivated old segregationist
mechanisms applied to blacks and mestizos. Through professional and cultural
self-improvement,
Cuba’s
Afrodescendants need to acquire the tools
and intellectual ability to compete, and
show competitive aptitudes and attitudes at all levels of society.

4- Scott, Rebecca J. La emancipación
de los esclavos en Cuba: la transición
al trabajo libre, 1860-1899. (La Habana: Editorial Caminos, 2001): 34-39.
5-Ferrer, Ada. “Cuba insurgente. Raza,
nación y revolución, 1868-1898.” Caminos: Revista Cubana de Pensamiento
Socioteológico (La Habana, 2002): 2425.
6-Montejo Arrechea, Carmen V. Sociedades negras en Cuba, 1878-1960. (La
Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales,
2004): 29-33.
7-Fuente, Alejandro de la. Una nación
para todos. Raza, desigualdad y política
en Cuba. 1900-2000 (Editorial Colibrí,
2014).

They should also establish standards for
themselves in the different social arenas
offered by official institutions as well as
different independent ones, so they can
demonstrate their true potential, and
position themselves on the new economic paths upon which Cuba must
embark towards the changes that will
necessarily come about.

8-Fanjul Callejas, Eusebio. Revolución,
raza y poder en Cuba,1959-2000. (Madrid: Editorial Cantabria Dos, 2003):
36-42.
9- Ibid.

Notes:

10- Ibid.

1- García, Gloria. Conspiraciones y
revueltas. La actividad política de los
negros en Cuba (1790-1845). (Santiago
de Cuba: Editorial Oriente, 2003): 189211.

11-Ibid.
12- Ishikawa, Riuychi. Los fenómenos
de la emigración contemporánea: Europa, América Latina y el Caribe. (Bar-

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