[ water treatment ]
Fig . 4 . Portable demi water fill-up equipment at Hidrofilt Water Treatment Ltd .’ s workshop
conditions during operations such as start-up , maintenance events , and cleanings is essential . Therefore , using specially designed equipment for the first filling of the circuit and for the pressure test is advisable .
Table 2 . Sample of main requirements for recirculated water in hydrogen production
Parameters |
Unit |
Required values in the circulation loop |
pH |
- |
5 – 7 |
Temperature |
° C |
50 – 60 |
Electrical conductivity |
µ S / cm |
< 1.5 |
Total organic carbon ( TOC ) |
mg / l |
< 0.25 |
Aluminium ( Al 3 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.01 |
Iron ( Fe 3 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.01 |
Manganese ( Mn ) |
mg / l |
< 0.005 |
Cooper ( Cu 2 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.005 |
Calcium ( Ca 2 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.02 |
Magnesium ( Mg 2 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.005 |
Chromium ( Cr 3 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.005 |
Manganese ( Mn 2 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.005 |
Chloride ( Cl - ) |
mg / l |
< 0.2 |
Fluoride ( F - ) |
mg / l |
< 0.0005 |
Sodium ( Na + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.02 |
Potassium ( K + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.02 |
Sulphur ( S 2- ) |
mg / l |
< 0.02 |
Titanium ( Ti 2 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.005 |
Zinc ( Zn 2 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.01 |
Nickel ( Ni 2 + ) |
mg / l |
< 0.005 |
In summary , the necessary technological infrastructure to supply high-purity water for all critical tasks within the emerging hydrogen industry is readily available . The use of highquality materials and the implementation of advanced water treatment technologies are crucial factors that influence both the economic efficiency and reliability of the hydrogen production process .
About the author
Dr . Gábor Lakner is a water treatment specialist who obtained his PhD degree in 2019 in biological , environmental , and chemical engineering sciences , with a specialisation in membrane technology . He has worked in the water industry for more than 20 years , serving as a project manager at Hidrofilt Water Treatment Ltd . since 2004 and as commercial director since 2008 . Additionally , he contributes to education as a lecturer at the Nagykanizsa Campus of Pannon University .
Hydrogen Tech World | Issue 15 | April 2024 43