[ balance of plant ]
The choice of compressor technology is projectspecific and requires a balance between technical and economic considerations . For example , reciprocating compressors are typically applied in applications with small suction volume flows , high pressure ratios , or high process flexibility requirements . In contrast , centrifugal compressors are better suited for low compression ratios and medium- to high-volume flow applications but have a higher risk of ‘ low density hydrogen gas ’ leakage via the shaft seals .
Hydrogen storage Hydrogen storage and transportation are critical for its use as a fuel source , necessitating methods that are safe and efficient . Gas compression and cryogenic liquefaction are physical methods used to reduce hydrogen volume and store it at low temperatures , respectively , although they are energy-intensive . Chemical carriers such as LOHC , ammonia , and methanol offer alternative storage solutions . Material-based storage , including metal hydrides and sorbent materials , provides storage at nearambient conditions , potentially increasing energy density but with challenges in weight , cost , and hydrogen release rates . Large-scale storage options like salt caverns are also considered for substantial , long-term hydrogen storage . The choice of storage system varies based on project needs , location , and the specifics of the end user , influencing the overall cost estimation .
Understanding CAPEX through BoP component identification
Ramboll ’ s research indicates that accelerating the deployment of green hydrogen projects involves more than merely increasing electrolyser manufacturing capacity . By strategically addressing specific technological aspects , substantial reductions in CAPEX become feasible . Direct costs constitute a significant portion – between 75 % and 90 % – of the total estimated installation costs , as determined by Ramboll . These direct costs , including expenses related to stacks , compressors , and electrical equipment , account for 60 % to 90 %, depending on the technology used . To achieve the anticipated reduction in generation facility costs within the green hydrogen community , Ramboll recommends focusing on key areas : standardizing components , defining interconnection processes , and harmonizing regulatory frameworks across borders . These measures are essential for achieving sustained CAPEX cost reductions over time in green hydrogen production plants .
References
1
Danish Energy Agency . ( 2024 ). Technology data for renewable fuels .
2
Ramboll . ( 2023 ). What will it take to reduce CAPEX in green hydrogen production ?
About the author
Carlos Bernuy-Lopez holds a PhD in Material Science from the University of Liverpool and currently works as a senior consultant in power-to-X and hydrogen technologies at Ramboll . His expertise of more than 17 years spans both technology ( fuel cells and electrolysers ) and application know-how ( steel , ammonia , and e-fuels ). Prior to joining Ramboll , he first worked at various universities and research centers across Europe and Japan , and subsequently moved to industry , where he led R & D as well as business development projects at steel companies such as Alleima ( previously Sandvik Materials Technology ) and H 2 Green Steel . Carlos also possesses several years of experience providing project management guidance , including coaching PhD and Master students as well as summer interns . Passionate about green hydrogen and knowledge sharing , he regularly posts on LinkedIn and Twitter about the role of hydrogen in the renewable energy mix .
16 Hydrogen Tech World | Issue 15 | April 2024