How to Coach Yourself and Others Empowering Coaching And Crisis Interventions | Page 99
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Making behavioural changes
Goal Setting
Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goals. (Anonymous)
Goal setting is a counselling process that helps clients define in precise, measurable terms what they hope to
achieve from the work of counselling. Two types of goals are outcome goals and process or task goals (Shebib,
1997; Jacobs, Masson & Harvill, 1998). Outcome goals relate to what the client hopes to achieve from
counselling. These goals have to do with changes in the client’s life, such as getting a job, improving
communication with a spouse, dealing with painful feelings, or managing self-defeating thoughts. Process goals
concern the procedures of counselling, including such variables as the frequency of meetings and the nature of
the counselling relationship. Process goals are strategies for reaching outcome goals. In practice there may be
some overlap between process and outcome goals.
For example, a process goal might be to develop trust in the counselling relationship. Success in achieving this
process goal might assist the client in achieving an outcome goal targeted at improving communication with
family and friends.
There is wide support in the counselling literature for the importance of setting goals (Egan, 1998; Young,
1998). Goal setting serves many important purposes, including giving direction, defining roles, motivating, and
measuring progress.
Giving Direction
Goals help to give direction, purpose, and structure to the work of counselling. Moreover, goals help counsellors
and clients decide which topics and activities are relevant. In addition, when clients are clear about their goals,
they can begin to structure their thinking and action toward their attainment. Finally, setting goals helps clients
make reasoned choices about what they want to do with their lives. Goal setting helps clients prioritize these
choices.
Defining Roles
Goals provide a basis for defining roles. When goals are clear, counsellors know which skills and techniques are
appropriate, and clients know what is expected of them. Moreover, when counsellors know the goal of the work
they can make intelligent decisions regarding whether they have the skills, capacity, and time to work with the
client. If not, they may make a referral.
Motivating
Goals motivate clients. Setting and reaching goals is also therapeutic. It energizes clients and helps them
develop optimism and self-confidence about change. Goal achievement confirms personal capacity and further
promotes action. Writing down goals may add an extra measure of motivation.
Measuring Progress
Goals help provide benchmarks of progress, including defining when the counselling relationship should end—
that is, when the goals have been reached or their pursuit is no longer viable.
Developing Effective Goal Statements
Sometimes clients are able to clearly articulate what they hope to achieve as a result of counselling. At other
times they have difficulty identifying their goals; however, through systematic interviewing counsellors can help
these clients define and target their goals. In addition, counsellors can use their knowledge base to develop
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