How to Coach Yourself and Others Empowering Coaching And Crisis Interventions | Page 44
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Preparation Stage •
(Clients who are committed to change)
• Set goals.
• Plan systematic action.
• Assemble/mobilize resources to support change.
Counselling Goals
Develop concrete strategies for action.
• Make contingency plans (anticipate obstacles).
Action Stage
• Reward (praise, support, acknowledge) change efforts.
Counselling Goals
Implement change and sustain momentum.
• Assist clients to manage anticipated and unanticipated obstacles.
Maintenance Stage
• Assist client to deal with periodic obstacles and/or relapses
Counselling Goals.
Sustain change.
Four broad principles define the application of motivational interviewing:
■ Express empathy.
■ Develop discrepancy.
■ Roll with resistance.
■ Support self-efficacy. (Miller and Rollnick, 2002, p. 36)
Express Empathy
Empathy and other active listening skills create an interview climate where clients are free to explore their
values, perceptions, goals, and the implications of their current situation without judgment. Motivational
interviewing accepts ambivalence and reluctance to change as predictable and normal. Active listening increases
intrinsic motivation for natural change. Conversely, “confrontational counselling has been associated with a
high dropout rate and relatively poor outcomes” (Miller & Rollnick, 2002, p. 7).
Develop Discrepancy
The overall goal of motivational interviewing is to help people get unstuck. The method is to initiate “change
talk” by taking advantage of naturally occurring opportunities in the interview to embellish client statements
that suggest differences between the way their life is and the way they would like their lives to be. Simply
focusing on a client’s goals and aspirations can often help people appreciate how their current lifestyle is
inhibiting their ideals. Motivational interviewing uses a number of strategies to evoke change talk, including the
following:
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