Mexico’s Independence
1810- 1811: Hidalgo’s Stage
-Improvisation, disorganization, lack of objectives and abolition of serfdom
1811-1815: Morelos’ Stage
-Objectives of independence movements are clarified
1815-1821: Guerrero and Francisco Javier Mina’s Stage
-Revolt remains in South Mexico with Guerrero and Mina’s support
1821- Guerrero and Iturbide’s stage, Iguala’s Plan, Independence act.
-Iguala’s army: Religion, independence and unity
Haiti’s Independence
-First independent state of Latin America
-Francois-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture was the leader and led 100,000 people in revolt
1804- Western Hispaniola (Haiti) became independent from France
They distributed the land among everyone, but they look of any resource to make it grow, so they increasingly impoverish
Spain
1812- Cadiz is created (new constitution)
1814- Ferdinand VII returns and reestablishes the absolutism and disdownCadiz
1820- liberal revolution forces Ferdinand to accept Cadiz
Revolts in South America
Liberators
Jose de San Martin
1810- liberated Argentina from Spain
1817- led forces in Andes to attack Spain in Chile
-Spain was defeated at the Battle of Chacabuco
1818- Chile declared independence
-Continued to Peru, Lima, but requested Bolivar’s help
Simon Bolivar
1810- began the fight in Venezuela
-Led revolts in New Granada and Ecuador
1819- New Granada and Ecuador formed Gran Colombia
1824- look to crash the last significant Spanish army
1822- Brazil’s independence form Portugal
1823- Central America obtains independence and later is divided into 5 Republics (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica and Nicaragua)
1824- Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Bolivia and Chile independize from Spain
He freed Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia alone