Health&Wellness Magazine February 2015 | Page 21

For advertising information visit www.samplerpublications.com or call 859.225.4466 | February 2015 Psychological Issues in Cardiac Care By Dr. Tom Miller, Staff Writer What is Heart Disease? Heart disease, also referred to as coronary artery disease or cardiovascular disease (CVD), is one of the most common diagnoses as we age. Coronary artery disease is characterized by arteriosclerosis which is the thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries. It should not be confused with atherosclerosis, which is a specific form of arteriosclerosis, caused by the buildup of fatty plaques and cholesterol in the artery. Coronary heart disease is a build-up of fat (atherosclerotic plaque) in the walls of the arteries around the heart and is currently the number one cause of death in the United States. Who has Heart Disease? Heart disease is no stranger to Americans. The new heart disease and stroke prevention guidelines from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology note that cardiovascular disease rates are higher than previously thought. Nearly 81 million American adults now live with some form of cardiovascular disease, be it hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, or congenital heart defects. What are the Causes of Heart Disease? The most common cause of heart disease is the accumulation of plaque buildup in one’s arteries. This buildup thickens and stiffens artery walls. It can inhibit blood flow through the arteries to vital organs and tissues. It can be caused by correctable problems, such as an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, being overweight, and smoking Psychological Factors in Cardiac Care Psychosocial factors play a criti- cal role in the cardiovascular risk and heart disease. The American Psychological Association reports that over the last two decades, clinical researchers have essentially abandoned work on the Type A behavior pattern that dominated the early days of cardiac development. Instead, they are now focusing on the role that two key elements of Type A behavior -- anger and hostility -- play in the d