Guide Oenotourisme Béziers 2018 Oenotourisme Béziers 2018 | Page 4

i histor 2600 years of history shared between man and vineyards From antiquity to the present Grapevines have been present here since the 6th century B.C. According to Pliny the Elder, its wines were regarded as the best after those of Marseille and wine was already being exported from immense estates to the furthest reaches of the Roman empire.  The Via Domitia facilitated the wine trade. Vine growing continued throughout the medieval period but it was the construction of the Canal du Midi in the  17th  century that would give real impetus to the vineyards, kick-starting the whole region’s economic sector. A genuinely inspired work of  civil engineering and the era’s masterpiece, which crosses the whole region and links the Atlantic to the Mediterranean, it  allowed the  region’s wines to be known and sold. The development of the railways at the end of the 19th  century also enabled the wines to be dispatched more easily, in particular to the miners and workers of northern France. This heralded the most prosperous period of the Languedoc vineyards. But the phylloxera, a vine-ravaging insect, put an end to this fine expansion at the end of the 19th century, forcing wine growers to pull up the damaged vines in a frenetic attempt to replant and get production going again, which in turn prompted an unprecedented economic crisis. The whole region revolted and bloody demonstrations took place. The start of the 20th  century saw the birth of wine cooperatives and it was only after the 2nd World War that the vineyards of the Languedoc and  its extraordinary terroirs began to be recognised. The Languedoc continues the wine revolution... The Languedoc-Roussillon wine producing area is certainly the region where we can see the most interesting things happening in  viticulture today, not just in France but also around the world. It is the world’s lar- gest vineyard area. It spans the length of the Mediterranean from the Rhone delta to the foot of the Pyrenees. It is not only the largest wine- growing and producing region of France but also its most ancient. 4