1. Military: concerned with the
interplay between the armed
offensive
and
defensive
capabilities of states.
2. Political: focused on the
organizational stability of states,
systems of governments and the
ideologies that give them their
legitimacy.
3. Economic: revolved around
access to the resources, finance
and markets necessary to sustain
acceptable levels of welfare and
state power.
4. Societal: centered on the
sustainability and evolution of
traditional patterns of language,
culture, and religious and
national identity and custom.
5. Environmental: concerned with
the maintenance of the local and
the planetary biosphere as the
essential support system on
human
With the rise of terrorism and
transnational crimes, the centrality of
security discourse has again hit
nothing but the society. A primary
reason for this may be the low
possibility of face to face
confrontation by states with one
another. In the contemporary
international system it is noticed that
infectious diseases and other health
related issues pose more threats than
wars, conflicts, or other types of
violence. The biggest three killers in
the developing world are maternal
death around childbirth, and
paediatric respiratory and intestinal
infections leading to death from
pulmonary failure or uncontrolled
diarrohea. As deteriorating condition
of health is considered to be related
to poverty, as a result a dilemma
arises regarding whether health is
developmental issue or a security
issue. Nonetheless, whether health
needs to be studied and analyzed as
an issue of development or should it
also be a subject matter of
international relations, economics,
sociology or even security studies?
Again, will the issue of health be
dealt with only by department of
28
revised version of 1991 brings these
societal issues back in security
considerations. Buzan developed a
framework in which he argued that
the security of human collectivities
(not just states) was affected by
factors in five major sectors, each of
which had its own focal point and
way of ordering priorities. These five
sectors were:
which
all
other
enterprises depend.
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era in 1983 and it‘s expanded and