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activities, transportation, etc.). A. Doskach and A.G. Gael
(1970) noted that "... acceleration of aeolian activity is a
new and large-scale phenomenon in the steppe zone, which
represents the reaction of the geographical environment on
the violation of human created earlier, normal with respect
to this a process of natural relations "[3]. Ecological and
geographical aspects of the conservation of ecosystems
and soil zone on both sides of the Russian-Kazakhstan
border are considered in A.A. Chibilёva [4].
In arid and semiarid areas are the most common types
of flows of aqueous solutions of salts and aeolian flows in
the atmosphere. The concept of threads created by the la-
bor B.B. Polynov, V.A. Kovda, M.A. Glazov, A.I. Perelman,
V.V. Dobrovolsky, V. Borowski, B.A. Fedorovich, N.F. Glazov,
M.A. Eagles and other scientists. Compared to water
streams (rivers) aeolian streams have large front propaga-
tion in width (hundreds of kilometers), high (3 to 6 km) and
a length (hundreds or thousands of kilometers).
Above we've marked a distance of dust moving during
dust storms. Let's mention these famous scientists on the
problems of aeolian AS Kes and B.A. Fedorovich (1976):
"The range transport of dust on repeated measurements
up to 3 and 4 thousand. Km. That's why the results turned
out to be quite logical latest oceanographic research, find-
ing that at the bottom of the oceans eolian dust is 25 to
75% of all sediment. The average number of portable at-
mospheric dust exceeds 1 billion. T "[5].
Influence of aeolian processes on the components of the
landscape and the natural processes in the biosphere as a
whole is much more complex and varied than the effect of
water erosion. This is due to the huge scale of the contact
area of aeolian flows with the land, the water area and the
atmosphere. Still not fully known to occur with the processes
of dispersion, and finding the time in the atmosphere of
dust, aerosol, possible biochemical processes in the atmo-
sphere, seas and oceans, qualitative changes falling from
the atmosphere eolian sediments.
Eolian processes are spread and on other planets of the
solar system, in particular on Mars (Krivolutskii, 1985, and
others.). "... On the surface of Mars are active aeolian pro-
cesses ... Many large areas of the surface of the exogenous
processes, primarily of aeolian activity, showed himself so
vigorously that completely destroyed crater relief [6].
Aeolian origin of loess and soil formation
As found in numerous data the parent rocks in the steppes
of Kazakhstan at the watershed and the watershed in most
cases are loess and loess-like rocks of aeolian origin. The
collection "Holocene" and the "Clastic deposits" M.I.
Neustadt, S.L. Kushev, B.A. Fedorovich characterized
aeolian deposits and sedimentation processes in the steppe
and semi-desert zones as follows: "The internal parts of the
arid region (almost all the plains Kazakhstan) are huge
pockets of deflation fine silty material forming atmospheric
suspension, rising to a height of more than 3 km and set-
tling part within the area waving (Ustyurt plateau), but mainly
on its periphery - for hundreds and thousands of kilometers
from the area fans. ... The settling of aeolian dust in the
steppe and forest steppe zones hundreds of kilometers from
the source removal is performed at a rate of hundredths
and tenths of a millimeter per year ". [7]
B.A. Fedorovich (1960) wrote about the significance of
loess soil formation in the steppe zone: "The situation is
Geography
different in the desert, where eolian dust settling on the dense
vegetation, difficult can be raised again, and where, due to
frequent dews, reliable dust adheres to the plants, from
which the rains demolished to the ground and remained
there at least until the plowing steppe. Thus, the main ar-
eas of accumulation of aeolian dust is adjacent to the deserts
(and sometimes very distant from them) steppe, where the
dust is involved in the soil ". [8]
As a powerful regulator of geochemical processes with
the help of the wind precipitation air by pumping salt from
the saline areas in non-saline. At the same time, despite
the significant brings the atmosphere received from seas
and oceans and saline areas of land in humid areas of salt
accumulation does not occur because of the security flow.
However, undrained and poorly drained areas may salinity
in this way. The study and quantification of aeolian salt re-
moval will help to reveal some "mysteries" of nature. One
of them is the weak salinity, despite the constant influx of
large salt drainage basins of the south (Lake. Balkhash,
etc.) Can not be explained in the usual calculation salt bal-
ance: without salt removal by the wind from the coastal
area, where there is a constant evaporation of groundwa-
ter, fed by the waters. In drawing up the salt balances in-
land seas (Aral, Caspian and others.) Also need to take
into account not only the rate at impulverization, but also
on the aeolian salt removal from coastal salt marshes, where
it can reach large sizes. With the removal of aeolian linked
and some long-term stability in the soil salt regime that all
the conditions had to be progressively salinization. Salt
balance shows that the centers of the arid zone of salt ac-
cumulation within a relatively short period of time could turn
into a solid sor salt marshes, and the history of the - in salt
mines, is not whether the removal of aeolian [9].
Renowned scholar L.K. Blinov also confirms the removal
of salts from oceans and their aeolian transport of the con-
tinents, "the amount submitted by the wind with salt water
areas large enough to determine the observed accumula-
tion of salts saline areas. The typical ratio of salt-forming
components of sea water can be confirmed graphically and
analytically by calcula