Ethos Education Winter 2013/4 | Page 17

Virtue ethics underpins our approach and we take the view that moral education of the young is a critical task for society that is best achieved by developing virtues. Teaching is an inherently moral endeavour and so all concerned ought to attend carefully to that process rather than leaving it to chance. Based on the philosophy of Aristotle, virtues such as honesty or generosity for example are believed conducive to a good and flourishing life if they can be incorporated into a person’s character from a young age. The development of virtue involves not only cognitive processes, but also emotional and behavioural ones too. Rather than focussing too much on specific behaviour as ‘right’ or ‘wrong’, a virtue ethics approach advocates early development of ‘practical wisdom’ such that a person can become habitually skilled at weighing-up both complicated and mundane situations in line with many different virtues before reaching reasoned and right judgements and action. An important feature of this perspective is the assertion that certain virtues (e.g. honesty, courage and self-discipline) apply equally to all children, irrespective of nationality or religion and are thus relevant to pluralistic societies. Defining Character Education Character education is no novelty. If we look at the history of schooling from ancient times to the 20th century, the cultivation of character was typically given pride of place, with the exception of a few decades towards the end of the 20th century when, for a variety of different reasons, this aim disappeared from the curricula from many western democracies. Contemporary character education, however, is better grounded academically than some of its predecessors, with firm support both from the currently popular virtue ethics in moral philosophy and recent trends in social science, such as positive psychology, that have revived the concepts of character and virtue. Character education is an umbrella term for all explicit and implicit educational activities that help young people develop positive personal strengths called virtues. Character education is more than just a subject. It has a place in the culture and functions of families, classrooms, schools and other institutions. Character education is about helping students grasp what is ethically important in situations and to act for the right reasons, such that they become more autonomous and reflective. Students need to decide wisely the kind of person they wish to become and to learn to choose between already existing alternatives or to find new ones. ethos magazine Virtue Ethics What Character Education is Not Character education is not about indoctrination and mindless conditioning. The ultimate goal of all proper character education is to equip students with the intellectual tools to make wise choices of their own within the framework of a democratic society. Critical thinking is thus a vital facet of a well-rounded character. Character and virtue are not exclusively religious notions although they do clearly have a place in religious systems. Almost all current theories of virtue and character education happen to be formulated in a post religious language. Character and virtue are not paternalistic notions. Importantly, the character of children cannot simply be put on hold at school until they reach the age where they have become wise enough to decide for themselves. Some form of character education will always be taking place in school. The ultimate aim of character education is not only to make individuals better persons but to create the social and institutional conditions within which all human beings can flourish. Character education is not about promoting the moral ideals of a particular moral system. Rather, 15