ESOL Magazine March 2014 March, 2014 | Page 11

Backache growing uterus, a shifting center of gravity, and loosening ligaments add up to back pain for many pregnant women, especially in the third trimester. [2]  Maintaining a good posture, practising regular antenatal exercises and wearing comfortable flat-heeled shoes can all help to prevent problems and relieve symptoms.  Lift with your legs, not your back. And don't lift heavy objects – ask for help.  If you have to stand for a long time, put one foot up on a step stool or box.  When picking things up, squat down and keep your back straight instead of bending from the waist.  When getting up, roll onto your side first, then use your hands to push up.  Choose chairs with good lumbar support or put a little pillow behind the small of your back when sitting. [2; 3] Cramps is a sudden, sharp pain, usually in your calf muscles or feet. It is most common at night.  Regular, gentle exercise in pregnancy, particularly ankle and leg movements, will improve your circulation and may help to prevent cramp occurring.  To ease a cramp, it usually helps if you pull your toes hard up towards your ankle or rub the muscle hard.  If you get a cramp, keep your leg straight on the mattress and pull your toes back towards your knee. This will stretch your calf muscle and should help the pain. If this doesn’t work try standing up and stepping forward with the other foot to stretch the cramped muscle. Keeping the foot flat on the floor will increase the stretch.  When the pain eases, you can massage the area or place a hot water bottle or heat pack on the area. [3; 4] Swollen ankles, feet and fingers. Ankles, feet and fingers often swell a little in pregnancy because your body is holding more water than usual.  Try to avoid standing for long periods.  Wear comfortable shoes - avoid tight straps or anything that might pinch if your feet swell.  Put your feet up as much as you can: try to rest for an hour a day with your feet higher than your heart, for example propped up with cushions as you lie on the sofa. Varicose veins usually appear as swollen, knotty, bluish veins that may develop on your legs during pregnancy.  Try to avoid standing for long periods of time and not to sit with your legs crossed  Try not to put on too much weight as this increases the pressure  Sit with your legs up as often as you can, to ease the discomfort  Wear supportive stockings or pantyhose  Try sleeping with your legs higher than the rest of your body; use pillows under your ankles or put books under the foot of your bed.  Do foot exercises and other antenatal exercises, such as walking and swimming, which will all help your circulation. [3; 4] Tiredness and sleep It's common to feel tired, or even exhausted, during pregnancy, especially in the first 12 weeks and later on in pregnancy because of the extra weight you are carrying. Hormonal changes taking place in your body at this time can make you feel tired, nauseous and emotional. The only answer is to try to rest as much as possible. Make time to sit with your feet up during the day, and accept any offers of help from colleagues and family. Being tired and run-down can make you feel low. Try to look after your physical health by eating a healthy diet and get plenty of rest and sleep. [4] Blocked nose Many women find their nose becomes blocked up and runny, and sometimes bleeds for no obvious reason. If your nose does become blocked, try not to blow it too hard, as this can cause nosebleeds. 2; 3] References 1. http://8monthspregnant.org/pregnancy-five-common-problems-solutions/ 2. http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_id=5346&channel_id=2062&relation_id=84105 3. http://www.cyh.com/healthtopics/healthtopicdetails.aspx?p=438&np=462&id=2780 4. http://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/common-problems-during-pregnancy