Combined Year 9 and 10
Students showed a small increase in confidence taking on new challenges( from M = 3.47 to M = 3.61), but this change was not statistically significant, t( 126) = – 1.42, p =. 16. The effect size was very small( Cohen’ s d = 0.15), suggesting a minimal practical impact on this skill across the cohort.
Year 9
Year 9 students showed a small increase in confidence taking on new challenges( from M = 3.44 to M = 3.58), but this change was not statistically significant, t( 88) = – 1.25, p =. 21. The effect size was very small( Cohen’ s d = 0.14), indicating minimal practical improvement in this area.
Year 10
Year 10 showed a small increase in confidence taking on new challenges( M = 3.55 to 3.68), but the change was not statistically significant, t( 37) = – 0.68, p =. 50( two-tailed). The effect size was very small( Cohen’ s d = 0.18), indicating minimal practical change for this group on Q3.
Question 4: I feel like I have control over whether motivated I achieve my academic grades or not
Combined Year 9 and 10
Students experienced a statistically significant improvement in their sense of control over whether they achieve their academic grades( from M = 3.24 to M = 3.52). A paired-samples t-test confirmed this increase was significant, t( 126) = – 3.00, p =. 003( two-tailed). The effect size was small but meaningful( Cohen’ s d = 0.25), indicating a positive and consistent shift in academic self-efficacy across the cohort.
Year 9
Year 9 students showed a statistically significant increase in perceived control over achieving academic grades( from M = 3.31 to M = 3.62). A paired-samples t-test indicated this change was significant, t( 88) = – 2.82, p =. 006( two-tailed). The effect size was small but meaningful, Cohen’ s d = 0.27, suggesting a positive cohort-level shift in academic agency.
Year 10
Year 10 students showed a small increase in their sense of control over achieving academic grades( from M = 3.08 to M = 3.29), but this change was not statistically significant, t( 37) = – 1.19, p =. 24( two-tailed). The effect size was small( Cohen’ s d = 0.21), indicating limited practical impact for this group.
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