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conservative‖ in their voting after the Twitter interaction began, Gu found. That was an across theboard impact. ―What was really interesting is that the shift can be almost entirely explained by members of congress changing their votes to be closer to the position of voters if there was a mismatch,‖ he adds. ―Before engaging constituents through Twitter, there were often gaps between political leanings of constituents and the congressional members‘ votes. After the social media engagement, we see the congressional representative comes closer to the voters‘ positions.‖ Validating buzz about buzz: Coming back to marketing Gu also has looked at social media from a marketing perspective, and he‘s uncovered findings marketers should note. For instance, one of his studies, with W. P. Carey information systems professor Ben Shao and doctoral student, Chunxiao Li, showed there‘s good reason for understanding the difference between firmgenerated buzz and consumergenerated buzz. ―Social media performs two functions. One is information dissemination and the other is socializing,‖ he says. ―Different social media sites serve different pu