Sensorimotor and Gait Training
tilt maximally in four different directions
(front, back, right and left). The reference
stimulus lies within the maximal tilting
angle. Each subject was asked to move his/
her center of pressure on a colored spot with
the help of marker displayed on a screen and
to remember the spot. Then the subject was
asked to reach the spot without access to the
marker. The height of the screen was kept at
the eye level. The difference in the angle was
measured between the reference stimulus
and the actual position. Measurements in
all four directions were taken (Pedalo®-
Sensamove Balance Test Version 2.2 User
Guide). The reliability of the device has been
previously reported in older subjects with ICC
value 0.91 [35] .
Neurophysiological assessment
Nerve conduction studies were carried
out for deep peroneal and tibial nerve as
recommended by Misra and Kalita [36] and
Table 1: Demographic characteristics.
Variables
Intervention
group
Control
group
Independent t-test
(p-value)
Mann-whitney U
test (p-value)
N (M/F) 21 (15/6) 17 (10/7) - -
Age (year) 60.33±8.48 57.24±8.85 0.279 -
Height (cm) 164.31±8.59 161.08±9.12 0.271 -
Weight (kg) 66.52±13.22 67.98±12.05 0.727 -
BMI (kg/m 2 ) 24.51±3.22 26.2±3.71 0.142 -
Diabetic duration (year) 13.69±6.15 14.11±6.04 0.831 -
HbA1C (%) 8.03±1.21 9.15±1.53 0.017 * -
RBG (mmol/L) 178.38±60.37 203.24±50.23 0.183 -
Medication (Oral/Insulin/
Both)
13/3/5 10/0/7 - -
No. of comorbidities a 0 [0;1] 1 [0;1] - 0.835
Smoker or tobacco intake
(Y/N)
4/17 7/10 - -
No. of falls a 0 [0;1] 1 [0;1] - 0.494
MNSI (Q) a 4 [3;5.5] 4 [3;6] - 0.643
MNSI (Ph) a 2.5 [2.25;3.75] 2.5 [1.5;3.5] - 0.32
M: Male; F: Female; BMI: Body mass Index; HbA1C: Glycosylated hemoglobin; RBG: Random blood glucose; MNSI: Michigan
neuropathy screening instrument. a : median [inter quartial range]; * : significant difference.
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