of the country. Therefore, there may be a hand of monarchist, regional hegemonic or imperialist forces behind this spontaneous movement taking in another direction. Again, the name of the organization that has repeatedly come up in this movement is called‘ Hami Nepal’, which was funded by foreign NGOs after the earthquake in 2015. They are the ones who have organized propaganda against these political parties on social media. And after this movement, Sushila Karki the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who is being throned as the head of the state is related to the Nepali Congress, the party of the Nepali ruling class. So, like Bangladesh, the future of Nepal is also becoming increasingly complicated. Looking Back
Nepal was ruled by the Ranas until 1951. After India’ s independence, due to its influence there was a strong movement for democracy in Nepal and a parliamentary democratic system was established under the monarchy. But in 1960, the king dissolved the parliament and vested all power to a non-party Panchayat Raj. The next thirty years continued in this way. In 1990, the Nepali people, led by the then Communist Party of Nepal, Nepali Congress and other small democratic groups started a strong movement again demanding democracy. This was called Jan Andolan-one. The main demand of this movement was the reconstruction of the parliament and the royal army. But after giving up that demand, the Nepali Congress and the Communist Party came to an agreement between themselves and this movement resulted in the establishment of a parliamentary democracy with the king as head of the state with considerable power. But after this movement, in the 90s, the communist movement in Nepal changed its course. The M-L party was divided and a new party called December-2025
Maoist Center was formed under the leadership of Baburam Bhattarai and Prachanda in 1994. This new Maoist party added the Prachanda Path to Marxism- Leninism-Maoism, named after their leader Prachanda, and in 1996, they declared the line of people’ s war or armed struggle, but on the question of the state, they rejected the idea of a post revolution state led by the working class as proposed by Marx-Engels- Lenin-Stalin-Mao. And at that time, there was a government led by the Nepali Congress. A delegation of the Maoist organization led by Baburam presented a 40 demands charter to that government for land reform, unemployment allowance, special rights for marginalized communities and castes, health, education related reforms with in a given time frame. No demand was fulfilled other than increased state brutality. But this so-called Prachanda path took time to unveil itself. When we talk about this type of people’ s war or armed struggle, many leftists label them as communists without applying their mind. It is the danger of international left revisionism. We have to keep in mind that left revisionism and right revisionism are twin brothers. On the one hand, they declare armed struggle, call themselves Maoists, but in semifeudal, semi-colonial countries, they deny the new democratic state system and its economy led by the working class but adhere to the line of national bourgeois revolution. And in Nepal, the Maoist group declares the struggle to overthrow the monarchy as a struggle of the bourgeoisie with the feudal forces. They present the theory of bourgeois democratic revolution, going completely against the teachings of Lenin-Stalin and Mao. Baburam Bhattarai says that“ the coup d’ état against the parliamentary democracy on October 4, 2002, removing Sher Bahadur Deuba and appointing a puppet prime minister from the royalist party was in that sense this royal coup d’ etat is a further link in the long chain of revolution and counter-revolution generated by the epic fight between feudal monarchy and bourgeois democracy for the last half century in Nepal.”( Triangular Balance of Forces- Baburam Bhattarai, Economic and Political Weekly November 16, 2002). And he has divided the political parties in Nepal into three categories. Baburam wrote,“ There is a triangular balance of power among three political forces, viz, feudal monarchists, bourgeois parliamentarians and revolutionary democrats, currently in Nepal.”( Triangular Balance of Forces- Baburam Bhattarai, Economic and Political Weekly November 16, 2002). In that article Baburam continuously stressed upon progressive bourgeoise revolution in the age of imperialism by saying that“ People’ s War sweeping across the country which is basically intended to complete the bourgeois democratic revolution in the country”. He further said correctly that the people’ s movement in 1990 could not end this monarchical feudal power. So, in 2002 they woke up again after 12 years of hibernation. Now, Baburam has to answer why 19 years after abolition of monarchy by them in 2006, the monarchical powers are getting the courage to take to the streets again and why they are getting 6 percent votes. The answer is hidden in the far left and right revisionist politics of the Maoist group and ML group.
According to Baburam, the parliamentary bourgeoisie group is the ML group, Nepali Congress and other parliamentary parties. By revolutionary democrats, he means the Maoist group and their united front. And in that article, he talks about completing the bourgeois democratic revolution. He talks
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