Contents
xv
c. the bill of rights
The First Amendment: Religious Freedom, and
Freedom to Speak, Print, Assemble, and Petition
415
The Second Amendment: The Right to Bear Arms
419
The Third Amendment: Quartering Troops
419
The Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure
420
The Fifth Amendment: Rights of Persons
420
The Sixth Amendment: Rights of the Accused
421
The Seventh Amendment: Trial by Jury
in Civil Cases
422
The Eighth Amendment: Bail and Cruel and
Unusual Punishments
422
The Ninth Amendment: Rights Retained
by the People
423
The Tenth Amendment: Rights Retained
by the States
425
Rights Versus Duties
426
Suggested Reading
427
app e n d i x a . The Address and Reasons of Dissent
of the Minority of the Convention of the State of
Pennsylvania to Their Constituents
429
app e n d i x b . Northwest Ordinance (1787)
part 6.
409
454
Interpreting and Preserving the Constitution
463
Principles of Statutory Construction
465
The Doctrine of Judicial Review
476
The Supreme Court as Final Interpreter
486
The States as Final Interpreters
490
Strict Versus Loose Construction
495
The Independence of the Judiciary
a. origins of judicial independence
500
501