xiv
Contents
The Independence of Congress
The Independence of the President
334
The Independence of the Judiciary
335
Summary and Review
335
Separation of Powers: A Critical Evaluation
337
Separation of Powers at the Crossroads
341
c. the rule of law
347
The Basic Principles of the American Constitution
351
Suggested Reading
354
ap p e n d i x a . The Federalist No. 10
357
ap p e n d i x b . The Federalist No. 45
365
ap p e n d i x c . The Federalist No. 47
part 5.
334
371
Defending the Constitution: The Struggle
over Ratiļ¬cation and the Bill of Rights
381
a. the anti-federalist persuasion
385
The Constitution Establishes a Consolidated Empire
385
The Constitution Establishes an Aristocracy
386
The Constitution Confers Too Much Power
389
An Imperial Congress
389
An Elected Monarch
390
An Omnipotent Judiciary
391
b. the federalist response
392
The Constitution Limits and Distributes Power
393
Congress Is Not an Oligarchy
398
The President Is Not a King
400
The Judiciary Is the Least Dangerous Branch
400
Whether a Bill of Rights Was Necessary
401
The Clash of Values
403