Government competencies
Graded reading books
Educational standards established by Ministries of Education that describe what students are expected to know and be able to do by the end of a course of studies ; usually contained in a syllabus or curriculum guide produced by the MOE .
Books that challenge students to achieve increasingly higher levels of reading proficiency .
Heritage language The language of a person ’ s ancestors and culture group . Implementation plan
In-service teacher training
International language
L1 , L2 , L3
MTB MLE planning tool that places important activities in a framework to show at which point over a period years each one is to be initiated , carried out and completed .
Training provided for teachers already assigned to classrooms , usually to provide opportunities for them to review strengths and challenges , receive new resources and practice relevant instructional activities .
A language that is widely used in communication internationally and between speakers of various mother tongues across national borders . English is the most common international language but Arabic , Chinese ( Mandarin ), French , German , Russian , Spanish , Portuguese , Hausa and Kiswahili are also used internationally .
Abbreviations for the first language ( L1 ), second language ( L2 ) and third language ( L3 ) spoken by individuals and / or taught in school .
MTB MLE RESOURCE KIT Including the Excluded : Promoting Multilingual Education
Language and education policy
Language development
Language education
Language of instruction ( LOI )
An official government statement authorizing the use of one or more languages in education .
Part of language planning ( see below ). Language development of local languages focuses on both corpus and status planning .
Educational activities designed to promote understanding and skill in using languages for learning . This frequently includes oral language development in two or more languages , as well as literacy skills in two or more languages .
A language that is used for teaching and learning in an educational programme . This is different from “ language as a subject ” in which students learn about the way a language is structured and used for oral and written communication .
8