Acid amides amides-CONH 2 Primary amines amino- NH 2
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
Homologous series is defined as a family or group of structurally similar organic compounds all members of which contain the same functional group, show a gradation in physical and similarity in chemical properties and any two adjacent members of which differ by-CH2 group. The individual members of this group are called homologues and the phenomenon is called homology.
NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Organic chemistry deals with millions of compounds. In order to clearly identify them, a systematic method of naming known as IUPAC system of nomenclature is adopted. The names are such that the listener can deduce the structure from it. The IUPAC name consists of three parts:
Prefix Word root Suffix EX: 3 methlyoctane
NOMENCLATURE OF ALKANES Straight chain alkanes:
The names of such compounds is based on their chain structure, and end with suffix‘-ane’ and carry a prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms present in the chain.
Branched chain hydrocarbons: 1.) The longest carbon chain in the molecule is identified.
2.) The numbering is done in such a way that the branched carbon atoms get the lowest possible value.
3.) The names of the alkyl groups attached as a branch are then prefixed to the name of the parent alkane and its position is indicated by numbers.