Acid amides amides -CONH 2 Primary amines amino - NH 2
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
Homologous series is defined as a family or group of structurally similar organic compounds all members of which contain the same functional group , show a gradation in physical and similarity in chemical properties and any two adjacent members of which differ by -CH2 group . The individual members of this group are called homologues and the phenomenon is called homology .
NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Organic chemistry deals with millions of compounds . In order to clearly identify them , a systematic method of naming known as IUPAC system of nomenclature is adopted . The names are such that the listener can deduce the structure from it . The IUPAC name consists of three parts :
Prefix Word root Suffix EX : 3 methlyoctane
NOMENCLATURE OF ALKANES Straight chain alkanes :
The names of such compounds is based on their chain structure , and end with suffix ‘ -ane ’ and carry a prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms present in the chain .
Branched chain hydrocarbons : 1 .) The longest carbon chain in the molecule is identified .
2 .) The numbering is done in such a way that the branched carbon atoms get the lowest possible value .
3 .) The names of the alkyl groups attached as a branch are then prefixed to the name of the parent alkane and its position is indicated by numbers .