Organic compounds are the hydrocarbons and their derivatives and organic chemistry is that branch of chemistry that deals with the study of these compounds Tetra valency of carbon
The atomic number of Carbon is 6 and its electronic configuration is 2,4 i . e . it has 4 valence electrons . Thus carbon is always tetra covalent , i . e . it forms 4 covalent bonds with other atoms
C
Due to tetravalency of carbon it has a tetrahedron shape .
Catenation- The self-linking property of carbon is known as catenation . This is the main reason of existence of such large number of compounds
Classification of organic compounds Organic compounds Acyclic & Cyclic Homocyclic & heterocyclic Benzenoid & non benzenoid
Functional groups : A functional group may be defined as an atom or a group of atoms present in a molecule which largely determines the chemical properties .
CLASS OF ORGANIC |
NAME OF FUNCTIONAL |
STRUCTURE |
COMPOUNDS |
GROUP |
|
Alkenes double bond = C = C = Alkynes triple bond - C Ξ C - Halogens halogen - X ( F , Cl , Br , I ) Alcohols hydroxyl -OH Aldehydes aldehydic ( formyl ) -CHO Carboxylic acids carboxyl -COOH