Campus Review Volume 28 Issue 12 December 2018 | 页面 5

Technology campusreview.com.au Clearing the mental fog The effects of social media on learning and a pedagogical way forward. By John Lewis T he context to any contemporary discussion on student learning and pedagogy is the exponential growth in the influence of the internet over the past 40 years. Subsequently, we must note “the importance of an intentional approach to using the internet in a managed, scheduled and thoughtful manner. Indeed, students appear to flourish when the internet fails to dominate but is of assistance to the disciplined, independent and creative thinker” (Education Review, online, 18 June 2018). In addition, social media – and a general preoccupation with internet content – is also potentially a detractor from student wellbeing, which is a prerequisite for successful learning. TEENAGE ISOLATION – A SOCIAL MEDIA CREATION Social isolation among teenagers, by way of a deficit of genuine connectedness, is resulting in a profound lack of learning engagement. In regard to broader society, research has found that the rapid rise of social media has led, ironically, to a growing sense of isolation in society. A study carried out by the University of Pittsburgh, led by Brian Primack, director of the Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, found that people who visit social networks over 58 times a week are three times more likely to feel lonely than those who use the sites under nine times. In fact, their study concluded that people who spent two hours a day or more on social media 26 had twice the odds of feeling socially isolated than people who spent less than half an hour a day. This research was supported by a study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, which found that people who reported higher levels of social media exposure also reported feeling more socially isolated. These findings are compounded when one considers the implications for adolescent learning. Indeed, the implications are profound when we add to this research a social isolation study conducted by the University of Michigan that suggests “more and more teens are choosing teenage isolation as a way to protect themselves from rejection and pain”. As a consequence, they often choose media to make connections, which risks enhancing their social isolation, since social media cannot meet their expectations and usually compounds their disconnectedness. Social media can be a robust, critical and demoralising environment for an adolescent. It can also facilitate an obsession to be liked, tagged and followed, none of which is conducive to balanced mental health, with its hallmarks of enriching face- to-face encounters, self-confidence, a sense of belonging and inter-dependence. The consequences of social isolation, and its accompanying feelings of loneliness, is often depression and anxiety. FROM ISOLATION TO DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND IMPAIRED LEARNING According to Sally Hamami of The Beckman Chronicle, about “20 per cent of teens will go through depression before reaching adulthood. Sadness ties into poor concentration at school and the feeling that none of this is worth learning”. Indeed, Charlie Glicksman, a clinician from Johns Hopkins University, believes that “anxiety is also something that plays along with depression and does affect grades greatly”. Depression can leave students with the feeling that their minds have shut down as they navigate their way through a mental fog.