• Charging Port Locations : Buses may have charging ports at the front , side , or rear . Inductive charging systems may be located on the top or undercarriage . Knowing the location of these ports is crucial for planning station locations , yard circulation , and noncharging parking stalls .
• Auxiliary Charging Stations : Your shop will need auxiliary charging stations to charge buses after maintenance before they return to service . This is especially important for para-transit operations , where the same principles apply .
Energy Storage Systems ( ESS ) The Energy Storage System ( ESS ), commonly known as the battery pack , is a critical component of EV buses . It provides the high voltage needed for vehicle propulsion and electrical accessories . The ESS includes batteries , controllers , and a high voltage distribution system . While the layout may vary between manufacturers , the fundamental components remain consistent .
Future Trends The future of EV buses includes advancements in battery technology , aiming for smaller , more powerful batteries with greater range . As technology evolves , staying informed about these advancements will help you adapt your transit system accordingly .
Bus Manufacturers The landscape of bus manufacturers has changed over the years . While there are fewer manufacturers today , companies like Gillig , New Flyer , RIDE , CCW , and others continue to produce electric buses . For smaller buses , manufacturers like Forest River , Diamond , Turtle Top , and Coach and Equipment are key players .
Understanding the New Technology Access Services of Los Angeles will soon pilot its version of a battery electric paratransit bus that is equipped with solar panels . These buses come with a 400-volt battery , which , while not as powerful as a 700-volt system , is still dangerous if mishandled . The buses are equipped with standard SAE J-1772 48 amps , level 2 charging , regenerative braking , and liquid-cooled batteries . Although the components are in different locations , the tools and skills required to work on these buses remain largely the same .
Emphasizing Safety Safety cannot be overstated when dealing with high-voltage systems . Even a small amount of electricity can be dangerous . For instance , at 0.1 amps , you might experience difficulty breathing and muscle contractions . By the time you reach 1 amp , the situation can become life-threatening . Therefore , only trained and qualified personnel should service the internals and components of these vehicles . NFPA 70E training is essential , and proper lockout / tagout procedures must be followed . Ensure that personnel use the required PPE , including leather glove protectors , safety glasses , and long-sleeve natural fiber clothing .
Handling Heavy Batteries EV bus batteries are heavy , often weighing around 2,500 pounds each . Removing and handling these batteries requires heavy equipment and trained staff . As battery technology advances , future batteries are expected to be smaller and more powerful , reducing weight and increasing efficiency .
Safety and Training Safety is paramount when working with high-voltage systems . Ensure your staff is trained in high voltage qualification and understands the differences in component maintenance . Proper Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE ) is essential for safe operations .
Diagnostic Procedures Diagnostic procedures for EVs differ significantly from traditional powertrains . Invest in training to equip your staff with the skills needed to diagnose and repair EV systems effectively . This includes understanding drive motors , electric air compressors , and other unique components .
Facility Layout and Charging Infrastructure The layout of your facility will need to adapt to accommodate EV charging stations . Here are key considerations :
• Charging Port Locations : Buses may have charging ports at the front , side , or rear . Inductive charging systems may be located on the top or undercarriage . Knowing the location of these ports is crucial for planning station locations , yard circulation , and noncharging parking stalls .
• Auxiliary Charging Stations : Your shop will need auxiliary charging stations to charge buses after maintenance before they return to service . This is especially important for para-transit operations , where the same principles apply .
In Conclusion As we delve deeper into the subject of preparing your transit system for a changing fleet , it ' s essential to stay informed and adaptable . The future of transit lies in part with electric power , and by addressing the key areas of power supply , facility upgrades , bus selection , staff training , and safety , you can ensure a smooth transition to a BEB fleet . By embracing these changes and preparing accordingly , you can position your transit system for success in the evolving landscape of motive power .
Halsey King , a member of the Society of Automotive Engineers [ SAE ], National Truck Equipment Association [ NTEA ] and the Mid Size Bus Manufacturers Association [ MSBMA ] is a bus fleet maintenance consultant with decades of fleet experience all over the world . U . S . clients include public and private transit and paratransit bus fleets , state DOTs and bus manufacturers . Halsey and his associates are members of several professional organizations , including SAE , ASTM , IEEE , and the American Public Transportation Association .
28 | BUSRIDE . COM | FEBRUARY / MARCH 2025