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mojatu .com 34 Health & Food 11 foods that can cause heartburn - By: Ashleigh Boadi Heartburn (also known as Gastroesophageal reflux disease) is usually described as an unpleasant burning sensation in the lower chest area. Heartburn occurs when stomach acid finds its way into the oesophagus which is the tube which delivers food to your stomach. In normal cases, stomach acid should not be able to escape into the oesophagus due to the lower oesophageal sphincter; which acts as a barrier that only opens when you swallow or burp. However, in the case of people who experience heart burn, their lower oesophageal sphincter muscle is weakened which increases the chances of stomach acid escaping into the oesophagus. HIGH-FAT FOODS Foods with large amounts of fat usually cause heartburn; this also includes healthy foods such as avocados and nuts, these high fat foods essentially cause heartburn in 2 ways. Firstly, they can cause the relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter, this will allow stomach acid to escape into the oesophagus which therefore causes heartburn. Secondly, these foods trigger the release of the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). The release of this hormone also relaxes the muscle barrier and encourages food to remain in the stomach for a longer period of time so that it can be digested better which consequently increases the risk of acid reflux and heartburn Bottom Line: High-fat foods can cause heartburn due to the relaxing of the lower oesophageal sphincter (barrier between oesophagus and stomach). Additionally, the consummation of these foods release the hormone CCK which also relaxes this barrier and allows food to remain in the stomach for longer increases the chances of heartburn. SALT Salt and salty foods may put you at risk of heartburn because it may increase reflux. A study showed that people who added salt to their meals had a 70% higher risk of reflux than those who never added salt. The study also found that people who ate salty food at least 3 times a week had a 50% chance of having a reflux than those who never ate salted foods. Bottom Line: Consuming table salt and salty foods can increase your chances of heartburn. MINT The common consensus about mints is that they soothe the digestive system but one study found that high doses of spearmint were linked with acid reflux symptoms which cause heartburn by irritating the lining of the oesophagus. An additional study which assess over 500 people concluded that those who consumed peppermint tea on a daily basis had twice the risk of heartburn. However, there isn’t a widespread of evidence that links mint and heartburn together. Bottom Line: Peppermint and spearmint may cause heartburn although there is not a large amount of evidence to support this. CITRUS JUICES Citrus juices may trigger heartburn symptoms, a study of 382 people with heartburn deduced that 67% of participants experienced heartburn after consuming orange juice. Furthermore, an additional study which assess 400 people who experienced heartburn; found out that 73% experienced heartburn after drinking orange or grapefruit juice. Hence, the amount of acid in citrus juices may cause heartburn symptoms. Although, it is not explicit how citrus juices actually cause heartburn. Bottom Line: Citrus Juices like orange and grapefruit are likely to cause heartburn however it is unclear how this process occurs. MILK Milk is often thought to alleviate heartburn’ instead, specifically whole milk increases stomach acid which is a risk factor for heartburn. A study of around 400 people was conducted and around on 38% people reported heartburn symptoms. Scientists have argued that it is the fat content of the milk that causes heartburn. Bottom Line: whole milk can cause heart burn due to the fat content CHOCOLATE Similar to high-fat foods, chocolate can also relax the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) which allows stomach