Key Concepts
• Methods for conserving water include using groundwater or recycled water
and using water collected locally in rain barrels and cisterns.
• Conserving water saves energy, and vice versa, because it takes power to
gather, purify, and distribute water, and many methods of generating power
require water.
• Reusing waste materials, such as methane gas, used cooking oil, or byproducts of the wastewater treatment process, are all ways cities can reduce
their reliance on other energy resources,
• Energy efficiency—using less energy to provide the same product or service—
reduces energy consumption and also costs less than new energy resources.
• Engineering can help to address today’s global challenges, such as the need
for clean water supplies and for energy sources that minimize pollution.
(From NGSS ETS1.A)
• Sometimes parts of different solutions can be combined to create a solution
that is better than any of its predecessors. (From NGSS ETS1.B)
• New technologies and social regulations can change the balance of economic,
social, environmental, and geopolitical costs and benefits. (From NGSS ESS3.A)
BIG IDEAS
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Grades 9–12
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SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION
93