Beat Generation essay 1.8 | Page 84

echoing "Dadaist randomness” (Reisman, 2012). In “An apocalypse for three Voices” he tells us “the dead awoke” from the sea “the final waves”. Here Spicer, evokes the shamanic ritual and resurrects the dead “Awaken” -just to hear their voices… Orpheus is often considered to be the original westernized portrayal of the shaman and Spicer entitles four of his poems to him (e.g. Orpheus in hell, Orpheus after Eurydice, Orpheus’ song to Apollo and Orpheus in Athens”). He even exclaims that he himself is Orpheus “Then I, a singer and hunter, fished in streams too deep for love” (Gizzi & Killian, 2008). The tone here is one of suffering. Often the figure of the shaman is cited in literature as suffering or being afflicted in some way and often this is the source of their calling or endowment with special abilities. Spicer yearns for this spiritual calling. He speaks of Whitman as existing in "a world without magic and without God" subject to "the cruelty of shadows, the cruelty of spirits". Here Whitman, like Spicer is a lone shaman teetering on the edge of the abyss. In "Ode to Walt Whitman" he speaks of Whitman, "You gave a cry 83