Beat Generation essay 1.8 | Page 60

best thought" appears like a shamanic mantra (Myrsiades, 2002). XVII The shaman must undergo a ritual transgression to be indoctrinated into the realm of the shamanic, the dream state. This involves crossing the "axis mundi" into the dreamscape (Harvey & Wallis, 2007). Moreover, shamanism is understood in primitivistic cultures as being a state embraced by or contested upon an individual who has previously undergone a certain idiomatic transformation by nature or by nurture. Throughout his travels, to mountainous regions in the USA and abroad (e.g. Japan) Gary Snyder informs us that "he was forever changed by that place of rock and sky" (Reisman, 2012). Here he has undergone a shamanic transformation, one that is more acutely aware of "the energies of mist", "a chaotic universe where everything is in place". Snyder is drawn in by the yogic implications of space and temporality and of "a loving concern for all things"(Reisman, 2012). This is an exemplar of the transformation he has undergone, one from mortal to shaman. Snyder's soul becomes lost in the dyad of "the dynamics of 59