ARTICLE
elevated blood pressure , 24 , 26 , 30 , 31 cardiac arrhythmias , 29 , 30 atherosclerotic vascular disease , 30 osteoporosis 31 and inflammation in chronic disease . 32 Furthermore , magnesium can be beneficial for headaches and migraines as serum levels have been found to be lower in migraine sufferers . 27
Conclusion
Endometriosis is a chronic multifactorial complex disease that has significant impacts on physical , mental , and emotional health . Magnesium may be beneficial in the management of endometriosis via relaxing smooth muscle , neurotransmission , mitochondrial health , and the maintenance of normal muscle and nerve function . More research is suggested to further investigate the benefits of magnesium in endometriosis .
REFERENCES 1 . Jones G , Jenkinson C , Kennedy S . The impact of endometriosis upon quality of life : a qualitative analysis . J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2004 ; 25 ( 2 ): 123-33 .
2 . Kong S , Zhang YH , Liu CF , et al . The complementary and alternative medicine for endometriosis : a review of utilization and mechanism . Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 2014 ; 2014 : 146383 .
3 . Kennedy S , Bergqvist A , Chapron C , et al . ESHRE guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis . Hum Reprod 2005 ; 20 ( 10 ): 2698-704 .
4 . Giudice LC . Clinical practice . Endometriosis . N Engl J Med 2010 ; 362 ( 25 ): 2389-98 .
5 . Facchin F , Barbara G , Saita E , et al . Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and mental health : pelvic pain makes the difference . J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2015 ; 36 ( 4 ): 135- 41 .
6 . Eskenazi B , Warner ML . Epidemiology of endometriosis . Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1997 ; 24 ( 2 ): 235-58 .
7 . Buggio L , Barbara G , Facchin F , et al . Selfmanagement and psychological-sexological interventions in patients with endometriosis : strategies , outcomes , and integration into clinical care . Int J Womens Health 2017 ; 9 : 281-93 .
8 . Harris HR , Chavarro JE , Malspeis S , et al .
Dairy-food , calcium , magnesium , and vitamin D intake and endometriosis : a prospective cohort study . American journal of epidemiology 2013 ; 177 ( 5 ): 420-30 .
9 . Phan VT , Stratton P , Tandon HK , et al . Widespread myofascial dysfunction and sensitisation in women with endometriosisassociated chronic pelvic pain : A crosssectional study . European journal of pain ( London , England ) 2020 .
10 . Maddern J , Grundy L , Castro J , et al . Pain in Endometriosis . Front Cell Neurosci 2020 ; 14 : 590823- .
11 . Armour M , Lawson K , Wood A , et al . The cost of illness and economic burden of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain in Australia : A national online survey . PloS one 2019 ; 14 ( 10 ): e0223316-e .
12 . Luisi S , Pizzo A , Pinzauti S , et al . Neuroendocrine and stress-related aspects of endometriosis . Neuro endocrinology letters 2015 ; 36 ( 1 ): 15-23 .
13 . McEwen BJ . The influence of diet and nutrients on platelet function . Semin Thromb Hemost 2014 ; 40 ( 2 ): 214-26 .
14 . Jurkiewicz-Przondziono J , Lemm M , Kwiatkowska-PamuĊa A , et al . Influence of diet on the risk of developing endometriosis . Ginekologia polska 2017 ; 88 ( 2 ): 96-102 .
15 . Hartmann G , McEwen B . The potential of herbal medicine in the management of endometriosis . Journal of the Australian Traditional-Medicine Society 2018 ; 24 ( 3 ): 146- 54 .
16 . Scutiero G , Iannone P , Bernardi G , et al . Oxidative Stress and Endometriosis : A Systematic Review of the Literature . Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2017 ; 2017 : 7265238 .
17 . Sieberg CB , Lunde CE , Borsook D . Endometriosis and pain in the adolescentstriking early to limit suffering : A narrative review . Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020 ; 108 : 866-76 .
18 . Kvaskoff M , Mu F , Terry KL , et al . Endometriosis : a high-risk population for major chronic diseases ? Hum Reprod Update 2015 ; 21 ( 4 ): 500-16 .
19 . Reis FM , Coutinho LM , Vannuccini S , et al . Is Stress a Cause or a Consequence of Endometriosis ? Reprod Sci 2020 ; 27 ( 1 ): 39-45 .
20 . Zeidan F , Vago DR . Mindfulness meditationbased pain relief : a mechanistic account . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2016 ; 1373 ( 1 ): 114-27 .
21 . Bulletti C , Coccia ME , Battistoni S , et al . Endometriosis and infertility . J Assist Reprod Genet 2010 ; 27 ( 8 ): 441-7 .
22 . Armour M , Sinclair J , Chalmers KJ , et al . Selfmanagement strategies amongst Australian women with endometriosis : a national online survey . BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2019 ; 19 ( 1 ): 17- .
23 . Bilbey DL , Prabhakaran VM . Muscle cramps and magnesium deficiency : case reports . Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien 1996 ; 42 : 1348-51 .
24 . Palmery M , Saraceno A , Vaiarelli A , et al . Oral contraceptives and changes in nutritional requirements . Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013 ; 17 ( 13 ): 1804-13 .
25 . de Baaij JH , Hoenderop JG , Bindels RJ . Magnesium in man : implications for health and disease . Physiol Rev 2015 ; 95 ( 1 ): 1-46 .
26 . Berkelhammer C , Bear RA . A clinical approach to common electrolyte problems : 4 . Hypomagnesemia . Canadian Medical Association journal 1985 ; 132 ( 4 ): 360-8 .
27 . Xue W , You J , Su Y , et al . The Effect of Magnesium Deficiency on Neurological Disorders : A Narrative Review Article . Iranian journal of public health 2019 ; 48 ( 3 ): 379-87 .
28 . Mathias JR , Franklin R , Quast DC , et al . Relation of endometriosis and neuromuscular disease of the gastrointestinal tract : new insights . Fertil Steril 1998 ; 70 ( 1 ): 81-8 .
29 . Rude RK . Magnesium metabolism and deficiency . Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 1993 ; 22 ( 2 ): 377-95 .
30 . Abbott LG , Rude RK . Clinical manifestations of magnesium deficiency . Mineral and electrolyte metabolism 1993 ; 19 ( 4-5 ): 314-22 .
31 . Costello RB , Elin RJ , Rosanoff A , et al . Perspective : The Case for an Evidence-Based Reference Interval for Serum Magnesium : The Time Has Come . Adv Nutr 2016 ; 7 ( 6 ): 977-93 .
32 . Nielsen FH . Effects of magnesium depletion on inflammation in chronic disease . Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014 ; 17 ( 6 ): 525-30 .
20 | vol27 | no1 | JATMS