viii I Contents
Mixed Casts 82 Pseudo Casts 85
Crystals 86 Crystals Associated with Urolith Formation 86 Crystals Not Typically Associated with Canine and Feline Urolith Formation 120 Drug-Induced Crystals 130
Cells 131 Transitional Epithelial Cells 131 Squamous Epithelial Cells 136 Renal Tubular( Cuboidal) Epithelial Cells 140 Leukocytes 141 Erythrocytes 145 Atypical( Neoplastic) Cells 148 Organisms 157 Bacteria 157 Fungal Hyphae 161 Yeast 163 Dioctophyma renale Ova 165 Capillaria plica( now Pearsonema) and Capillaria felis cati Ova 166
Miscellaneous Findings and Artifacts 169 Pollen 169 Fungal Spores 170 Mucus 172 Lipid Droplets 173 Sperm 174 Air Bubbles 176 Starch Granules( Glove Powder) 177 Fiber 178
Reference 181
Index 183