ARRC Journal 2018 | Page 36

ARRC JOURNAL ENABLING THE COMMANDER’S FREEDOM OF MANOEUVRE (OR NOT)! Lt Col Brian Tritten (US-A), Maj Daniel Lyons (GBR-A) and Maj George McCrea (GBR-A) The NATO Force Structure has two critical engineering capability gaps. The first is a lack of wide wet gap crossing capability –an issue created by national neglect of military bridging equipment maintenance/upgrade, a reduction in quantity of bridging assets and a lack of training during a period of persistent war on an insurgency. The second is a lack of explosive barrier capability – caused by political challenges and a reduced appetite for the risk; the employment of land mines in particular. During WWII, in the Italian Campaign alone, Allied forces constructed 2,832 Bailey type bridges and 120 floating bridges; the longest of which spanned 343 meters. Today, as we study and prepare for a potential conflict in the Baltics, we are forced to the realization that the Military Engineering (MILENG) community may not be able to provide the necessary mobility support to our manoeuvre brothers and sisters to attack and win in a land conflict due to a lack of capable bridging assets within NATO.While technology has adapted to changing battlefield threats, these changes have created unaddressed implications elsewhere in the force. e.g. better armour has been developed, making several vehicles outweigh their national bridging assets’ capabilities, and creating an issue that cannot be overcome without change and adaptation. Our ability to fight and win against a near peer adversary will require manoeuvre as well as protection, so critical thought must go into the development of alliance ‘wide wet gap’ crossing plans; backed by procurement investment to ensure NATO bridging capabilities can meet the requirements of the forces to cross. Wet Gap Crossings In 2004, NATO’s Allied Rapid Reaction Corps was assigned the 29 Multinational Engineer Brigade (29MEB). This HQ element was designed to operate in 36 ALLIED RAPID REACTION CORPS AT2 anti-tank scatterable mines a similar way to how 8 (UK) Engineer Brigade HQ provides a staff element for the command and control of Corps level engineer troops today. Chief ECMI with HQ ARRC served as the commander of these force elements, and 29 MEB was a permanent force structure comprised of 5 Engineer Regiments/Battalions (2xUK, 1xIT, 1 POL, and 1xNLD) and an EOD Regiment. The Polish, Dutch, and Italian engineer units remained under their national framework until called upon for an operation, while the UK units, comprised mainly of reservists, were held at a high state of readiness. The only organic wide wet gap crossing capability within 29MEB came from the Polish Battalion; two bridges of up to 200m in width. The other units only possessed Medium Girder Bridge (MGB) and Logistic Support Bridge (LSB) limited capabilities. Today, 29MEB no longer exists, and NATO engineer troops are force generated through the NATO Readiness Action Plan process. For ARRCADE FUSION 17 (AF17), a Corps Warfighting CPX situated in the Sulwaki Gap, the ARRC created a multinational force structure of three battalions (Dutch, Italian, and Polish) under a Corps Engineer Troops Brigade HQ. This structure was developed with bridging in mind to maximise our limited NATO capability. Compared to the 29MEB, the AF17-generated brigade had several more bridging assets by design but still remained limited in their ability to support continuous operations. In total, the corps engineer brigade units in AF17 could only emplace a maximum of eight floating bridges over wide wet gaps of less than 131 meters. No one bridge system alone today can cross that 343 meter span that was encountered in Italy.