3.6.2.1 . Technical characteristics |
317 |
3.6.2.2 . Establishment of the design axis , project , geodetic base , tracing and control 318 | |
3.6.2.3 . Survey of the built position of the cableway |
323 |
3.4.7 . References to 3.4 |
324 |
3.5 . GEODETIC WORKS RELATED TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS | |
AND METROPOLITANS |
329 |
3.5.1 . BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT TUNNELS AND METROPOLITANS |
329 |
3.5.1.1 . General |
329 |
3.5.1.2 . TUNNELS |
329 |
3.5.1.3 . METROPOLITANS |
334 |
1 . Main Principles |
334 |
2 . Sofia Metropolitan |
336 |
3.5.1.4 . Basic data and requirements for the design and construction of tunnels | |
and metropolitans |
339 |
1 . Road and railway tunnels |
339 |
1.1 . General on the design of road and railway tunnels |
339 |
1.2 . Design of the situation and longitudinal profile |
341 |
2 . Data and requirements for the metropolitans |
341 |
2.1 . Requirements for the alignment axis and the stations in plan and profile |
341 |
2.2 . Metro tunnel gauges |
342 |
2.3 . Superstructure of the railway |
342 |
2.4 . Metro stations , tunnels and other facilities |
342 |
3.5.1.5 . Technologies and methods applied in the construction of the Sofia | |
Metropolitan |
345 |
1 . Open method |
345 |
2 . Milan method |
347 |
3 . Shield method |
349 |
4 . New Austrian tunnelling method |
350 |
5 . Modified Austrian tunnelling method |
351 |
6 . Technology and organization in the construction of the central section of the | |
third metro diameter of Sofia Metropolitan |
351 |
6.1 . General information on the conditions and technology |
351 |
6.2 . Appropriate technology |
352 |
6.3 . Scheme of the operation of the tunnelling boring machine |
353 |
6.4 . Preliminary construction works |
354 |
3.5.1.6 . Legal basis |
354 |
3.5.2 . GEODETIC WORKS IN THE DESIGN , TRACING , CONSTRUCTION | |
AND CONTROL OF TUNNELS |
355 |
3.5.2.1 . General |
355 |
3.5.2.2 . Topographic and geodetic base for the tunnels |
356 |
1 . Topographic base – maps and plans for the design |
356 |
2 . Geodetic base – geodetic networks |
357 |
2.1 . Types of geodetic networks |
357 |
2.2 . Design and construction of the geodetic reference network |
358 |
3 . Tracing and orientation of tunnels |
359 |
3.1 . General on tracing and orientation |
359 |
3.2 . Methods for tunnel tracing and orientation |
360 |
3.3 . Development of projects and tracing and orientation of the tunnel axis |
360 |
3.4 . Orientation of a tunnel through a vertical shaft using plumbs |
365 |
3.4.1 . Orientation by means of plumbs and a connecting triangle |
365 |