• COUNTRY IN FOCUS
Political landscape The political situation in Western Sahara is a contentious one . Morocco claims sovereignty over the territory , while the Polisario Front , a Sahrawi independence movement , seeks to establish an independent Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic ( SADR ). The United Nations does not recognise Morocco ' s claim and considers Western Sahara a non-self-governing territory . This unresolved conflict creates significant uncertainty regarding the development of any natural resources in the region .
The potential development of a mining sector in Western Sahara highlights a number of ethical concerns . The ongoing political conflict raises questions about resource ownership and benefitsharing , ensuring that any mining activity respects the rights and interests of both the Sahrawi people and the Moroccan interests in the region . Additionally , environmental considerations of mining operations in arid environments might have detrimental impacts on an already fragile ecosystem . Sustainable practices and strict environmental regulations will be essential to minimise the impact on the delicate desert landscape .
On the other hand , the development of a mining sector in Western Sahara holds the potential for significant economic benefits . Mining could create jobs , generate revenue for infrastructure development , and contribute to the region ' s overall economic growth . However , these benefits are not without their challenges .
Path forward The future of developing and establishing a mining sector in Western Sahara is uncertain . Moving forward will require a multifaceted approach that considers several key aspects .
Resolution of the political conflict remains at the top of this list , where a peaceful resolution to the political conflict is crucial . This could involve international mediation and agreements that respect the rights of all parties involved .
Sustainable practices and environmental regulations must be paramount . Strict regulations and responsible mining practices are essential to minimise the impact on the fragile desert ecosystem . Water management , waste disposal and land reclamation strategies will be critical for sustainable mining operations . The harsh environment and remote location of many potential mining sites necessitate significant infrastructure development . Investment in transportation networks , power generation and water desalination plants will be crucial for establishing a viable mining sector . Transparency and accountability are essential throughout the development process . Clear regulations , monitoring mechanisms , and independent oversight will help ensure that mining activities are conducted ethically and responsibly . This will also help build trust among stakeholders and foster international cooperation .
The Western Sahara holds a wealth of mineral resources with the potential to contribute to the region ' s economic development . However , unlocking this potential requires careful consideration of complex geological , geographic , political and ethical aspects . A collaborative approach that involves all stakeholders , prioritises environmental sustainability , and respects the rights of the Sahrawi people is essential . Only then can the future of mining in Western Sahara be truly viable and beneficial for all involved . •
Dr Nicolaas C Steenkamp is an independent consultant , specialising in geological , geotechnical and geometallurgical projects and mining project management . He has over two decades of industry experience with global exposure . ncs . contract @ gmail . com
Supplied by Dr Nicolaas C Steenkamp
14 • African Mining • March 2025 www . africanmining . co . za