ASPECTS OF ASIA
( 三) 產品洗錢風險評估是必要手段
銀行必須評估各類產品的洗錢風險, 明確不同產品的管控 措施是否得當 、 固有風險有無得到控制 。 因此, 銀行要將洗錢風 險評估納入在產品管理體系中, 建立產品風險熱圖, 定期結合業 務情況重審 、 調整評估結論 。 當同業或銀行發現某一產品容易被 利用于洗錢, 或者控制措施未達到預期目標, 應當及時啟動觸發 式評估, 調整產品風險等級, 優化管控措施, 進而決定是否停 辦該產品 。 目前, 銀行在產品風險評估及管理實踐中遇到的主要 問題: 一是如何準確計算產品風險, 現有銀行的產品分類 、 財務 覈算等方法有些地方不適用於反洗錢評估, 產品效益 、 客戶群等 許多數據無法直接取得 、 分析; 二是何時以何標準啟動觸發式評 估 。 這些都涉及銀行管理機制的調整與優化 。
( 四) 先進資訊技術不可或缺
隨著“ 風險為本” 管理深入, 反洗錢系統功能必須強大, 這不 僅是人工成本投入的考慮, 更是提高分析監控準確性的要求, 對 於客戶群 、 日常交易規模大的銀行尤其重要 。 無論是可疑交易案 例精准度的提高, 制裁名單過濾誤中率的減少, 還是客戶盡職調 查 、 交易限制等對於業務流程的參與, 早已是人工憑著經驗 、 記 憶無法實現的, 要提高風控能力需要更加離不開系統支持 。 僅僅“ 黑名單” 篩查也已從制裁名單和政要人士, 擴大至各類負面信息 、 船舶與港口 、 軍民物資清單等海量資訊處理 。 隨著近年來大數據 不斷推廣應用, 各種信息服務商 、 互聯網平臺相應而生, 讓迅速 處理海量資訊 、 抓取有價值的信息成為可能 。 資訊技術是銀行真 正意義地建立并運行“ 風險為本” 合規管理機制不可或缺的工具 。
在國際經濟交流頻繁 、 資金全球即時互通的新時期, 洗錢模 式層出不窮, 強化反洗錢管理已成為監管和銀行的共識 。 銀行想 要強化反洗錢管控, 就必須將“ 風險為本” 原則扎扎實實地嵌入到 經營管理之中, 融匯到員工意識之中 。 product is prone to be exploited for money laundering or control measures have failed to live up to their expectation, banks should initiate a triggering assessment to adjust product risk levels and to optimize control measures in order to decide whether or not to suspend a product. At present, major problems encountered by banks in terms of the realization of product risk assessment and management are the following:
1. How can banks accurately calculate product risks? Some of banks’ existing methods for product categorization and financial accounting are partly unsuitable for AML assessment. For example, many figures such as product effectiveness and customer bases cannot be directly accessed and analyzed.
2. When and based on what criteria should banks decide to initiate the triggering assessment?
These problems involve the adjustment and optimization of banks’ management mechanisms.
Advanced information technology is a must
As we strengthen“ risk-based” AML management, the AML system’ s functions must be robust, which involves not only the consideration for labor cost investment, but also an improvement in accuracy for analysis and control. It is especially important for banks with a large scale of customer bases and daily transactions. No matter if it is about increasing the accuracy of suspicious transaction reports, reducing the rate of missed hits in screening a sanctions list, or a business procedure participation in CDD and transaction restrictions, people armed with only experiences and memories can no longer get the job done. In order to increase risk control capabilities, system support is more and more indispensable. Even the screening for a“ black list” has expanded from a sanctions list and political dignitaries to big data information processing of various negative news, ships, boats and harbors, as well as military and civilian material checklists. As the application of big data continues to expand in recent years, various information service providers and internet platforms have emerged as a result, making it possible to process big data and capture valuable information. Information technology is an indispensable tool for banks to truly build and enforce a“ risk-based” compliant management mechanism.
In the new era of frequent international economic exchanges and instantaneous global capital interflow, new money laundering models continue to mushroom. It has become a consensus among regulators and banks to enhance AML management. If a bank wishes to enhance its AML control, it needs to solidly embed the“ risk-based” principle into its operations and management, while ingraining it into the awareness of its employees.
Zhang Fan, CAMS, vice chairman, Macau Anti-Money Laundering Specialists Association, Bank of China, Macau, zhang _ fan @ bocmacau. com
ACAMS TODAY | SEPTEMBER – NOVEMBER 2017 | ACAMS. ORG | ACAMSTODAY. ORG 85