GLP1
RESEARCH
people with LRRK2 mutations and those without them . And up to 15 percent of people with PD have mutations in the GBA gene .
THE MICHAEL J . FOX FOUNDATION 2023 YEAR IN REVIEW
+ One ongoing Phase II trial and two new Phase I trials involve therapies targeting the overactive LRRK2 kinase activity that is linked to neurodegeneration : Biogen and Denali Therapeutics are testing BIIB122 , a small molecule pill to inhibit LRRK2 activity believed to give rise to PD ; Neuron23 is testing NEU723 , a small molecule LRRK2 inhibitor ; and Biogen and partner Ionis Pharmaceuticals are testing BIIB094 , a drug that reduces LRRK2 by blocking its messenger RNA activity .
+ GBA variants decrease activity of an important enzyme called glucocerebrosidase ( GCase ) that helps cells clear internal debris . Multiple therapies aiming to treat PD by increasing GCase activity are in clinical trials . In summer 2023 , researchers reported a newly identified GBA variant occurring exclusively in people of African and mixed African descent ( see p . 20 ).
GLP1
Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP1 ) receptor agonists are better known by their brand names like Wegovy and Ozempic , which gained popularity this year for helping people lose weight . Originally designed to treat type 2 diabetes , GLP1 drugs are also receiving attention in Parkinson ’ s because of their ability to travel to the brain and protect cells from neurodegeneration . There are currently five clinical trials studying the effects of GLP1 receptor drugs in Parkinson ’ s . Results so far are mixed and do not yet provide clear answers about the potential of these treatments or who may benefit . Additional data from a Phase III trial of exenatide ( Bydureon ) are anticipated in 2024 . While GLP1 drugs have been approved for diabetes , they can have unwanted side effects that may not be safe for people with Parkinson ’ s , so it is important to consult a doctor before considering taking them .
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