13th European Conference on eGovernment – ECEG 2013 1 | Page 635

Wolfgang Palka et al.

However, some cases illustrate that pricing for OGD is possible. In this case, the public administration has to decide, whether they want to have the market price or merely a price, which covers the marginal costs.

Table 3: Classification scheme for OGD portals – operational dimension( supplier perspective)

Type of data provision. Is the provision of the OGD dynamic or static? Here, public administrations have to decide, whether they want to provide the OGD non‐recurring or in recurring intervals. The analysis of our results discloses that the recurring type is dominating. This situation bases on the requirement of a contemporary provision of data and information( Orszag 2009). In contrast to the non‐recurring and recurring type of data provision, the supplier of OGD can also allow direct access to the data.

Type of data access. What type of data access does the OGD portal allow? Based on the case evidence, we derived four types of data access:( 1) to download the data;( 2) merely to look at the data, downloads are not allowed;( 3) a direct access via an API; and( 4) mixed access forms, i. e., consumer are allowed to look at and / or download the data and / or have a direct access. If the data is downloadable or merely visible, we found four sub‐characteristics:( 1) not machine‐readable data;( 2) machine‐readable data;( 3) analyses of the data on the OGD portal; and( 4) analyses of the data on the OGD portal and the possibility for saving these( e. g., at Data. gov).

Data format. What kind of data format does the OGD portal provide? This characteristic leads to the discussion whether the data and information are published proprietary or non‐proprietary. Data in a proprietary format are created with proprietary software. Consequently, to work with these data proprietary software is required. On the contrary, to work with data in a non‐proprietary format, open source software is sufficient( DiBona 2005).

Data description. How are the data described? It is not enough to merely provide data to consumers. It is also important that consumers are able to understand what the content of the data implies. Based on the results of our case study analysis and the literature review we derived two data descriptions: the textual description and the description via structured meta data.

Granularity of OGD. In which granularity are the data and information on the OGD portal offered? Our results show, that the different stakeholders of an OGD portal have different interests. For instance, citizens are not interested in the highest level of details, whereas companies need this level of detail for applications and other purposes. Based on the case studies, we derived three instances for this characteristic: low( e. g., at Data. gov, Data. gov. uk, and Data. govt. nz), high, or free selectable granularity( e. g., at USASpendig. gov).

Interval for updates. In which intervals are the data and information of the OGD portal updated? While suppliers providing data and information non‐recurringly do not have to think about certain update intervals, suppliers with recurring data have to think about the intervals. An example for recurring data is financial data. For these data it could be wise to update them daily.

Different views. Does the OGD portal provide different views for the consumer? Due to the plurality and the different content of OGD, their provision can lead to an information overload from a consumers’ perspective.

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