Η Ελλάδα στο Μόναχο - Μάρτιος 2017 τευχίδιο τελικό για Μόναχο 2017 ohne schueler und | Page 61

Three of the first blown
glass contact lenses,
1887.
Microscope by Schiek,
Berlin, circa 1850 .
Prism spectroscope,
circa 1910.
Electron microscope
image, circa 1954
which made it possible to examine the inside of the eye for the
first time. Visual ailments such as nearsightedness and
farsightedness are explained with the aid of demonstrations, and
lenses are used to show how they are corrected.
Optical instruments
The development of the telescope and microscope opened up
new, entirely unfamiliar worlds at the beginning of the 17th
century. At the same time, these instruments were an enormous
challenge to the field of optics, which had to formulate theories to
explain how they worked. Consequently, important results in
optics are rooted in the study of telescopes and microscopes. The
exhibition traces the (technological) development of these
instruments with numerous historical telescopes
and microscopes.
Many other scientific instruments have close ties to the field of
optics. Optical instruments are used in fundamental scientific
research as well as in medicine and industry. The exhibition
briefly introduces the function and historical development of
such instruments as spectroscopes, endoscopes, photometers,
and polarimeters.
A new way of seeing
Another development in the world of scientific instruments
represents the transition from optics to atomic physics: the
electron microscope and the tunnel-effect microscope. Although
these terms suggest an instrument closely related to the
conventional optical microscope, "seeing" in the conventional
sense actually does not take place. Instead, an image is produced
using electrons instead of light (in the electron microscope) or
interactions between atoms (in the tunnel-effect microscope).
The "picture" emerges only after complex processing of the
measurement data. Instruments of this kind can achieve levels of
enlargement far beyond those of conventional optical
microscopes.
Tours of the Optics section take place every day at 13:00 and the
workings and possibilities of electron microscopes are
demonstrated at 14:30. For information, see tours.
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