has about children’ s safety in its own programmes and within the communities it works in are reported to the appropriate authorities 6.
Children without parental care. All children not in the overnight care of at least one of their parents, for whatever reason and under whatever circumstances 7.
Durable solution for unaccompanied or separated children. Sustainable solution that ensures that the unaccompanied or separated child is able to develop into adulthood, in an environment which will meet his or her needs and fulfil his or her rights as defined by the UNCRC and will not put the child at risk of persecution or serious harm. Because the durable solution will have fundamental long-term consequences for the unaccompanied or separated child, it will be subject to a BID( Best Interests Determination). A durable solution generally takes one of three forms: local integration, resettlement in another country or return to the country of origin 8.
Family reunification. Entry into and residence in a State by family members of a foreign national residing lawfully in that Member State in order to preserve the family unit, whether the family relationship arose before or after the resident ' s entry 9.
Forced migration. A migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes( e. g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects) 10.
Guardian. A guardian is an independent person who safeguards a child’ s best interests and general well-being, and to this effect complements the limited legal capacity of the child. The guardian acts as a statutory representative of the child in all proceedings in the same way that a parent represents his or her child 11.
Integrated child protection system. Approach in which all duty-bearers( state authorities, represented by law enforcement, judicial authorities, migration authorities, social services, child protection agencies, etc.) and system components( e. g. laws, policies, resources, procedures, processes, sub-systems) work together, sharing responsibilities so as to form a protective and empowering environment for all children. In an
6 _“ What is child safeguarding? Child safeguarding is the responsibility that organisations have to make sure their staff, operations, and programmes do no harm to children, that is that they do not expose children to the risk of harm and abuse, and that any concerns the organization has about children’ s safety within the communities in which they work, are reported to the appropriate authorities”. See“ Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them”, Keeping Children Safe, 2014, https:// www. keepingchildrensafe. org. uk / sites / default / files / resource-uploads / KCS _ STANDARDS _ 2014. pdf. 7 _ Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, United Nations General Assembly, 2010. 8 _“ Safe and Sound”, UNHCR & UNICEF, October 2014. 9 _ For legislation in the EU context, see: Council Directive 2003 / 86 / EC on the right to family reunification, European Union, O. J. L 251, 22
September 2003, http:// eur-lex. europa. eu / legal-content / EN / TXT / HTML /? uri = CELEX: 32003L0086 & from = EN. 10 _“ Key Migration Terms”, IOM, n. d., https:// www. iom. int / key-migration-terms. 11 _ General Comment No. 6: Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside their Country of Origin, UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 1 September 2005; Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, UN Human Rights Council, A / HRC / 11 / L, 2009, 13; see also“ Guardianship for Children Deprived of Parental Care – A Handbook to Reinforce Guardianship Systems to Cater for the Specific Needs of Child Victims of Trafficking”, European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights( FRA), 2014, http:// fra. europa. eu / en / publication / 2014 / guardianship-children-deprived-parental-care-handbook-reinforce-guardianship.
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