oldest application of zeolite catalysts. Zeolites have the unique ability to adsorb water
while rejecting larger molecules and hence, find applications in drying air, organic
solvents, natural gas, and refrigerants. Various type of zeolites such as ZSM-5, Zeolites
A, X, mordenite is used for removing gases such as ammonia (NH3), Sulfur dioxide
(SO2), and Carbon dioxide (CO2). Purification of hydrocarbon liquids and gases is also
done by zeolites.
Zeolites are increasingly being used in water treatment. In water and wastewater
treatment, zeolites are used for heavy metal removal, ammonia removal, and water
softening. The removal efficiency of zeolites depends upon contact time, type, amount,
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initial
metal
concentration, and pH. Zeolites have been extensively used for removal of heavy metals
from industrial wastewater. Zeolites are used for heavy metal removal in nuclear, mine,
and industrial wastes. Zeolites are also useful in agriculture to supply ammonium and
potassium ions from soil. Researchers in the horticulture and agriculture sector are also
focusing on zeolites for improving crop yields.
By 2000, NASA scientists developed a synthetic super-soil, loaded with zeolite minerals
that contain essential plant growth nutrients. This technique was named 'zeoponics'. It is
a new growth medium developed for space travel.
Market Dynamics
•A major driver for the growth of the global zeolite market is rising demand for
the detergents for the domestic and industrial application. For instance, According
to the department of consumer affairs, in India, the market for synthetic
detergents was valued at about US $1.63 billion in 2013, with a compounded
annual growth rate (CAGR) of three percent. Zeolites remove dyes from the
washing liquor by hetero-coagulation and adsorption. Zeolites can exchange hard
ions with soft ions and are used for softening of water.
•However, increasing adoption of catalysts, which are equally cost competitive may
hamper the growth of the global zeolite market. For instance, Rare earth metal
ions which are costly are being replaced by Copper, Zinc, Cobalt etc.