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emphasized. Concurrently, experts in the modular design and construction need to be cultivated for
obtaining benefits from the modular building project.
4.2. Component 2: Technical tools support
The second influential component accounted for 18.4%. which is related to the technical tools
support including development of BIM, automation technology and Lean construction introduction.
The development of technology makes possible for the project to become more effective and active by
overcoming physical conflicts [17]. To implement the MBPs successfully, the participants are required
to be involved in early project stage to determine the design elements, but BIM platforms help to
collaborate between stakeholders and more effective to make a decision of the use of prefabrication [17].
Moreover, the conflicts in the design documents could be identified and eliminated by using BIM model
during the design phase, providing accurate shop drawing for manufacturing phase in the factory [17].
As manufacturing innovation driving factor, automation technology such as robotics and advanced
production technologies is important to adopt the factory‐built house such as a modular building [18].
However, to adjust various demand level against design variability depend on owners, the semi‐
automated facility for subassemblies for such as steel wall framing is more effective [20]. Modular
building is considered as sustainable house which produce less waste during construction phase.
Therefore, the lean concept makes the MCM more suitable for building project because the method has
advantages to minimize waste of materials while recognizing significant savings in both schedules and
budgets [4].
4.3. Component 3: Improvement of social perception
Component 3 comprises three factors: ‘education of modular building design and construction’,
‘improvement of prefabricated housing recognition and perception’ and ‘increase perception of off‐site
construction method’. These factors represent the changing of the perception against the modular
construction method. Therefore, this component is termed ‘improvement of social perception (about
modular construction method)’ which accounts for 18.395% variance. Perceptions among stakeholders
is the potential for the use of modular construction method [19]. In other words, if the ownerʹs
perception against the modular building could be turned to ʹa sustainable and high‐qualityʹ instead of
the perception such as ʹthe cheap, poor‐quality and temporaryʹ in the past, they intend to pay for apply
the MCM in the building project [16]. Therefore, the stakeholders, including architects and the owner,
need to have a general understanding of the difference of modular design and manufacture compared
to the traditional method [5]. Education of modular concept for building project makes possible an
industry collaboration [14,16]. The effort of recognition about the advanced construction method will
impact the effectiveness of adopting a modular construction method on the building industry as a
positive alternative to onsite construction [5]. Given the high productivity and business benefits, a
developer including government could have opportunities to consider modular technology for the
building project.
4.4. Component 4: Industrial demand
In this study, the potential factor named ‘skilled worker shortages’ was independently classified,
accounting for 12.545%, and this factor determined as ‘industrial demand’. This component might
comprise additional factors deriving in future research. The factor, skilled worker shortages on
construction sites in electrical, plumbing and carpentry fields, is a key factor driving up the demand
for advanced techniques [19]. Off‐site production methods, such as modular construction, can be a great
advantage in overcoming these challenges. Moreover, The MCM has been suggested as an alternative
means of achieving high productivity in the construction industry [5,9,15,18]. As a result, the factor for
skilled worker shortage in the construction industry could be determined as a potential factor in
adopting the modular construction method to building projects.
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ZEMCH 2019 International Conference l Seoul, Korea