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Some researchers argue that the sudden demolition of urban villages will inevitably leave some
migrant workers with no place to stay. Many migrant workers will be left behind and may ultimately
face homelessness, as only a small percentage of these immigrants are young skilled workers who have
stable jobs in the city and are eligible for social housing applications. Alternatively, another line of
thinking argues that the demolition of urban villages will result in more migrant workers relocating to
second and third‐tier cities, which may be a good strategy for more sustainable and balanced
development in China. Both views are backed by policy research and are grounded in reason; in both
arguments, urban villages are not viewed as slums but as a unique settlement type. Some may say they
are informal settlements, but for migrant workers, urban villages are their home in the city.
5. Critical reflection on current strategies and further opportunity
Internationally, much research has been devoted towards strategies to support urban migration.
Most of the current urban studies suggest two approaches. In one submission, researchers suggest that
demolishing urban villages for social housing (or other more regulated developments) is the most
practical solution. The government in China seem to have been implementing this strategy around first‐
tier cities, including Guangzhou (as seen in Xiancun). However, this strategy has seemingly also
resulted in some problems. Most of the former residents of urban villages are unable to live in external
units with higher prices, and as explained previously they are often ineligible for social housing
applications. These residents are therefore often forced to relocate far away from job opportunities that
are available for migrant workers; they may ultimately need to move to another city for work. From
the government’s perspective, these consequences are not necessarily undesirable as most of the first‐
tier cities in China like Guangzhou have limited resources available even for existing urban hukou
holders. Having some of the “floating population” move to other cities by removing these urban
villages can be a desirable outcome for local hukou holders and government agencies.
On the other hand, some researchers, urban study experts, and architects have long been looking
to renovate and improve existing urban villages (rather than getting rid of them entirely). These
thought‐leaders raise the question of whether to view the urban villages as informal settlements or
organic neighbourhoods. Many researchers have been studying different urban and architectural
solutions for developing urban villages without demolishing them —suggested strategies include
partial demolition, extension, or modular innovation.
URBANUS, an architecture firm in China, offered many urban village renovation proposals with
one strategy being, demolishing part of the overly dense areas and change the layout of some units
inside the remaining urban villages. This approach minimises the cost of demolishing and building
new blocks. Alternatively, Shenzhen government in collaboration with a local architecture firm –
DOFFICE, tested another way of renovating urban villages in 2017, which is by connecting some
circulation of the urban village buildings. After connecting these buildings and renovation of the
existing interiors, the buildings that once barely met fire regulations are now a much safer integrated
community ‐ both physically and socially. This project is currently in use as community for young
skilled employees. Overall, many different renovation methods have been discussed and implemented
throughout China. Regardless of the actual methods these teams use, the unifying theme of these
projects is the project leaders’ belief in the value of existing urban villages. Renovating is a method to
make urban villages a better place to live, while also inherently honouring the urban villages’ purpose
of existing.
Finally, while some research broaches the topic of the underlying cultural and historical character
of urban villages, and the inherent social and cultural perspectives, not enough comprehensive studies
have been performed in this regard. This aspect of urban villages represents an area for further research,
which will ultimately serve to improve the design of social housing communities in China, where
currently most of the residential developments are gated and lack a sense of community.
Understanding Urban Villages in China with Three Case Studies in Guangzhou
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