billing information ( electricity , gas , and other usage ). In this study , the data of experiment 3 were provided by Lim et al . ( 2018 ).
The building energy end‐uses were measured by referring to ISO12655 ( 2013 ) and KIAEBS S‐7 ( 2016 ). ISO12655 divides the energy use by source into twelve end‐uses . KIAEBS S‐7 is similar to ISO12655 ( 2013 ), but KIAEBS S‐7 divides energy use by source into eight end‐uses . In this study , the percentage difference was used to calculate the Ec , Eh , and Ec estimation differences . The percentage difference ( diff .) is expressed by the following Eq . ( 1 ).
���� � ��RR | RRR
where E is estimates ( experiment 1 and 2 ), and R is the reference ( experiment 3 ).
2.3 Target buildings
� ��� ( 1 )
In this study , metering for the end‐uses was executed in two office buildings in Seoul , South Korea in 2017 . Among the two target buildings , bldg02 was measured from February ( Table 1 ). Measurement systems collected data per minute , hour , day , and month intervals . In this study , the monthly intervals were used for validation .
Table 1 . Basic information of target buildings .
ID |
Floors |
Year built |
Gross floor area |
Measurement period |
bldg01 |
19F / B7F |
1995 |
22,471 m 2 |
01 . Jan . 2017‐31 . Dec . 2017 |
bldg02 |
10F / B2F |
1983 |
10,516 m 2 |
01 . Fab . 2017‐31 . Dec . 2017 |
The bldg01 has following system configurations and other features : � Primary system : absorption chiller & heater , CAV + FCU � Secondary system : EHP , PAC � Operation : for heating from 1 Nov . to 31 Mar . ( 08:00 – 18:00 ), for Cooling from 1 Jun . to 30 Sep . ( 08:00 – 18:00 ) � Hot water supply : electric water heater ( regenerative type ) � Other activity : coffee shop ( 1F ) � Others : vacant ( 16F , 18F ), underground parking garage ( 105 cars ), and automated parking system ( 46 cars )
The bldg02 has following system configurations and other features . � Primary system : steam boiler + vapor‐compression chiller , CAV + FCU � Secondary system : unknown � Operation : for heating from 1 Oct . to 31 Mar . ( 08:00 – 18:00 ), for Cooling from 1 May to
30 Sep . ( 08:00 – 18:00 ) � Hot water supply : steam boiler � Other activity : exhibition hall ( B1F ), gym ( B1F ), and bank ( 1F ) � Other : no underground parking garage
The following figures 2 and 3 show the monthly energy use by source ( electricity , gas , and the others ), and the eight end‐uses . Here , bldg01 shows a very common up‐and‐down pattern . The use of absorption chillers significantly increases the amount of gas used in the summer ( June – September ). The lighting and appliance consumption are not changed significantly throughout the year . Fan energy has an increasing pattern during summer and winter because it is affected by CAV and FCU operation .
143 ZEMCH 2019 International Conference l Seoul , Korea