ZEMCH 2019 International Conference Proceedings April.2020 | Page 297
3.4. Potential of BIPV, BIPVTw and BIPVTa technologies jointly
The last analysis corresponds to install hybrid BIPVTw to supply electricity and DHW demands.
Additionally, BIPVTa collectors are integrated to supply electricity together with heating, and only
BIPV in the remaining roof surface (Fig. 2). This is a complex option, but it is feasible to minimize
possible surpluses. The shape and size of the roof sides requires a serial connection (both electrical and
hydraulic grid in the BIPVTw collectors) with four solar panels installed (the deployment in the model
are 4 x 9 panels). However, due to efficiency conditions and overproduction, it is possible to install up
to five BIPVTw hybrid panels, although with four, a proportion greater than 50% of annual demand of
DHW. By occupying the remaining surface of the upper roof with BIPVTa uptake, thermal production
can match the demand for average heating on a representative day of low irradiation. In the lower roof
only a BIPV electrical production is considered because with thermal production surpluses during most
of the time. However, it is adequate to use cell cooling, even if the heat is not useful [31]. The curves of
hourly results of the energy balance are shown in Figure 3.
18.00
16.00
Urban Grid
District
Electric Car
14.00
Collection
12.00
10.00 10.00
8.00 8.00
6.00 6.00
4.00 4.00
2.00
2.00
BIPVT + BISTw + BIPV technologies potential compared to
correspondent demands in mid‐season representative day
Thermal Mass
Batteries
Consume
0.00
0.00
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00
10.00
12:00
13:00
BIPVT + BISTw + BIPV technologies potential compared
to demands in a winter representative day
ACS
Electricidad
Calefacción
Total
Electricidad
Calefacción
BIPVT + BISTw + BIPV technologies potential compared to
correspondent demands in a summer representative day
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
Figure 3. Hourly production‐consumption curves of winter, summer and middle‐season days, integrating
BIPVa + BISTw+BIPV technologies (own elaboration)
Under this assumption, it is theoretically possible to supply 119% of the average demand in a
typical day of June, having at the same time an electric surplus that exceed up to five times the total
energy demand of the same month. Production is twelve times higher than the average demand for a
summer average day. Annual production can be estimated with less accuracy, as is always the case
with hot air production (part will have to be evacuated, especially in summer). For example, under the
assumption that thermal production captured in Spring season with BIPVTa collection is fully useful,
the annual available useful energy will be around 20,447.1 kWh. This is enough to supply the demand
at 250.7%. Expected surpluses can power an EV for 73,000 km / year. For the standard Powerhouse, the
total embodied energy of the modelled house should not exceed 4500 Gj.
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