ZEMCH 2019 International Conference Proceedings April.2020 | Page 266
1. Introduction
The building project adopting Modular Construction Method (MCM) has been increased with
developing building technologies over the decades but, according to Modular Building Institute (MBI),
market sharing of modular building industry currently estimated less than 5% [1, 2]. The MCM is a
type of Off‐Site Construction Method (OSCM) that reduce on‐site occupation and take place almost
work in the factory [3, 4]. In cases of restriction of on‐site work due to the environmental conditions
and skilled worker shortage, the application of the MCM in a building project has several advantages
such as better onsite safety, less need for skilled workers on the site and shorter overall schedules [3, 5,
6]. Moreover, it has various strengths in social environmental, economic benefits in perspective of
stakeholders [5, 7, 8]. Despite several advantages of this method, the application of the modular
technology in the building industry is in the initial stages yet [9]. Accordingly, resolving these issues
requires minimizing knowledge gaps between projects stakeholders and need to identify what is the
potential factor for driving adoption of modular construction in a building project. However, there are
very limited quantitative studies on the stakeholders’ perceptions. In this regards, this study aimed to
identify the factors driving adoption of MCM and categorized the potential factors as four main
components encouraging the Modular Building Projects (MBPs). Based on the identified factors, we
cannot only fill the knowledge gap on the modular building but also help lead the government toward
making a decision efficiently when they formulate policy to promote the MBPs.
2. Research Methodology
To investigate the driving factors for adopting a modular method in a building project an extensive
literature review was conducted. A questionnaire was designed to identify the potential factors
influencing the decision making of applying the MCM. And the questionnaire was first reviewed by
preliminary interviews to ensure the relevance of the questions to the modular building project.
Additionally, some factors were added and eliminated to the survey with an expert’s opinions.
Consequently, a list of 10 potential factors was extracted. A 5‐point Likert scale was used to assess
respondents’ perceptions of modular construction and associated factors for driving adoption of MCM.
100 industry experts engaged in the modular construction industry were randomly selected and survey
was conducted by email and face‐to‐face interviews. Valid responses were collected having a question
response rate of 44%. The respondents included manufacturer (27.3%), designer (20.5%), construction
manager (18.2%), general contractor (11.4%), researcher (15.9%) and others involved in suppliers and
market dealers (6.8%).
3. Result and Analysis
The IBM SPSS Statistics 24 software was used to analyze the survey data. The Cronbach alpha
method was used to assess the internal consistency of the 10 factors to test the reliability of the five‐
point Likert scale [10]. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) of 0.738 was calculated, showing that the
instrument has high internal consistency. The alpha value shows that ten factors are internally
consistent with reliable. The Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlettʹs
test of sphericity was used to determine the suitability to conduct Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
[11,12]. The obtained KMO value was the 0.702 (> 0.5) high value and The Bartlett’s test of sphericity
result of 115.015 with a significance level of 0.000 indicated that the correlation matrix is not an identity
matrix and suitable for structure detection [13]. As shown in Table 2, the results of the principal
component analysis with varimax rotation suggested four components solution. The total variance
explained 72.83% (Table 3) indicating each component as following; component 1 (21.889%),
component 2 (20.000%), component 3 (18.395%), component 4 (12.545%).
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ZEMCH 2019 International Conference l Seoul, Korea