ZEMCH 2015 - International Conference Proceedings | Page 495

the moment of the survey. The mean overcrowding index was 1.3 (i.e. no overcrowding), while 7
households were overcrowded (2.5 to 3.4) and only 1 was highly overcrowded (4.5). No critically
overcrowded households were found through the survey.
Table 2 summarizes the main demographic characteristics of the surveyed heads of household.
The former residential situation of most of the dwellers was as non-renters (i.e. ‘allegados’) with
50.9% of the total, 42.4% used to rent, while 26.6% used to live in informal settlements (i.e. ‘campamentos’). Most of the declared heads of household were female adults with 32.0% of the total,
followed by male adults with 26.4%, female and male young adults shared 19.8% and 16.0% the
total, while elder heads of household were 3.7% male and 1.8% females. 25.9% of the female heads
of household declared housekeeping as their main occupation, while 14.8% were employed and
10.1% were either self-employed or informal workers. 24.0% of the male heads of household were
either self-employed or informal workers, while 12.9% were employees and 5.5% pensioners. 4.6%
of the heads of household were unemployed at the moment of the survey. 17.3% of the surveyed
heads of household had no formal education, while only 5.2% attended tertiary education.
Table 2. General demographic characteristics of the heads of household
valid %
AGE SEGMENT

OCCUPATION

GENDER
FORMER SITUATION

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

18 to 35

35.8%

36 to 59

58.4%

60+

5.6%

housekeeping

28.4%

employee

27.7%

self-employed

22.6%

informal worker

9.3%

unemployed

4.9%

pensioner

6.1%

student

0.7%

male

48.0%

female

51.9%

non-renter

50.9%

informal dweller

26.6%

renter

42.4%

other

19.3%

no formal education

17.3%

primary

45.9%

secondary

31.3%

tertiary

5.2%

Personalisation Strategies
Figure 2 illustrates different personalisation levels as registered through the photographic survey. Regardless of being recently occupied only 12.5% of the dwellings were not modified, 32.2%
of them were highly modified, and the largest number of interventions was of average quality
(37.4%) (Table 3). Significantly, the workmanship quality tended to increase with the extent of personalisation. 77.2% of the modifications were self-built, while only 11.5% and 11.1% of the changes
were built by either informal or formally paid contractors respectively. Most of the modifications

Personalisation strategies and residential satisfaction in chilean social housing

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