Introduction
Over the past decade, a ban on indoor smoking has been implemented in many countries to eliminate the health issues that people encounter and to provide them with a healthy atmosphere. This concern has been very strict especially in areas where people gather to dine; whether it is a café, a bar, a restaurant or a food court. In certain areas, e-cigarettes are permitted, however, research proves that electronic substitutes for smoking have its own set of health problems. Since 2005, there has been a rise in the demand of e-cigarettes in the European market which form a platform of interest for research to investigate the indoor environmental effects during the vaping activities. The e-cigarettes too, affect both the active and the passive smoker. Not all of the refills are nicotine based; some are nicotine-free yet harmful for the smokers. Particulates such as propylene glycol, nicotine, carbonyls and glycerol have been found when the indoor air was tested( Geiss et al. 2014). E-cigarettes are also considered as a gateway or a transitional point from soft-drugs and hard-drugs. Primarily, e-cigarettes are advertised to be free from nicotine and a harmless substitute for smoking, or conversely, a less harmful alternative( Bell and Keane 2014).
Methodology
As a result of an interest regarding this particular subject of health effects of indoor smoking in hospitality venues, a substantive amount of papers have been reviewed in order to cover an array of methodologies to produce a summary of findings. The research looks at this subject from a broad perspective by evaluating the different types of smoking, which includes the cigarettes, e-cigarettes and waterpipes / hookahs. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of three kinds of smoking, in an indoor hospitality venue. The evaluations are divided into two main categories; smoking types and the effects that smoking has on the indoor air quality. Three main means of smoking are discussed and compared; cigarettes, e-cigarettes and waterpipes( also referred to as‘ hookah or narghile’). Other studies demonstrated how the ban on smoking has affected hospitality businesses in terms of its profitability. As a matter of fact, this particular topic has become controversial in many countries, as each have a different view point.
Smoking Types – Literature Review
In this part, the smoking types that are discussed are the three most universally recognized and used; cigarettes, e-cigarettes and waterpipes / hookahs / narghile.
Cigarettes Cigarettes, being one of the oldest types of smoking objects, have been tested for its harmful chemical contents. Moreover, the advantage in researching this particular smoking type is that since it has been used for over a century, information and data for analyzing the health and environmental effects is greater in numbers and, to an extent, quite reliable.
A research conducted by Schramm et al.( 2014) demonstrates the flow of cigarette smoke emitted into what they refer to as‘ Environmental Tobacco Smoke’ in two ways; through the smoke rising from the cigarette itself and through the smoke exhaled by the smoker. In their work, the active and the passive smokers are referred to as the MSS,( main stream smoke), and the SSS( side stream smoke). Both the active and the passive smokers have been analyzed to compare the ratio of the chemicals in their individual’ s lungs. It is claimed that the passive smokers not only inhale the
820 ZEMCH 2015 | International Conference | Bari- Lecce, Italy