gle glazing clear window. Two various double glazing windows were selected for the simulation analysis. The first double glazing type was a window with 3 mm and 6 mm panes and the air as a window gas material between two panes. The next double glazing window had 6 mm and 13 mm panes with air as a gas between them. The last glazing type was triple glazing windows with 3 mm and 13 mm panes with air as a gas material.
Temperature ° C |
25.5 25 24.5 24 23.5 23 22.5 22 21.5 21
S
02 / 02 / 11 12:02:13 AM 02 / 02 / 11 09:02:13 AM 02 / 02 / 11 06:02:13 PM 02 / 03 / 11 03:02:13 AM 02 / 03 / 11 12:02:13 PM 02 / 03 / 11 09:02:13 PM 02 / 04 / 11 06:02:13 AM 02 / 04 / 11 03:02:13 PM 02 / 05 / 11 12:02:13 AM 02 / 05 / 11 09:02:13 AM 02 / 05 / 11 06:02:13 PM 02 / 06 / 11 03:02:13 AM 02 / 06 / 11 12:02:13 PM 02 / 06 / 11 09:02:13 PM 02 / 07 / 11 06:02:13 AM 02 / 07 / 11 03:02:13 PM 02 / 08 / 11 12:02:13 AM 02 / 08 / 11 09:02:13 AM 02 / 08 / 11 06:02:13 PM 02 / 09 / 11 03:02:13 AM 02 / 09 / 11 12:02:13 PM 02 / 09 / 11 09:02:13 PM
Time |
6 mm single( base Case) |
Double 3,6 mm |
Double 6,13 mm |
Triple 3,13 mm |
|
Temperature ° C |
25 24.8 24.6 24.4 24.2 24 23.8 23.6 23.4 23.2 23
N
02 / 02 / 11 12:02:13 AM 02 / 02 / 11 10:02:13 AM 02 / 02 / 11 08:02:13 PM 02 / 03 / 11 06:02:13 AM 02 / 03 / 11 04:02:13 PM 02 / 04 / 11 02:02:13 AM 02 / 04 / 11 12:02:13 PM 02 / 04 / 11 10:02:13 PM 02 / 05 / 11 08:02:13 AM 02 / 05 / 11 06:02:13 PM 02 / 06 / 11 04:02:13 AM 02 / 06 / 11 02:02:13 PM 02 / 07 / 11 12:02:13 AM 02 / 07 / 11 10:02:13 AM 02 / 07 / 11 08:02:13 PM 02 / 08 / 11 06:17:13 AM 02 / 08 / 11 04:02:13 PM 02 / 09 / 11 02:02:13 AM 02 / 09 / 11 12:02:13 PM 02 / 09 / 11 10:02:13 PM 02 / 10 / 11 08:02:13 AM
Time |
6 mm single( base Case) |
Double 3,6 mm |
Double 6,13 mm |
Triple 3,13 mm |
|
Figure 5: Indoor temperature profile for various glazing types in classrooms 208 and 301 in Jan / Feb 2011
Figure 5 illustrate that during the winter season study, the indoor air temperature in both classrooms increased when double and triple glazing was installed but this increase is much more significant in Classroom S. As the difference between windows to external wall ratios in Classroom S and N were very minor, at around 0.06 and 0.05 respectively, a possible explanation for more temperature increase in Classroom S can be the poor construction of this classroom. In general, it is suggested to use double glazing windows instead of triple glazing windows as the effect of both on indoor air temperature are nearly similar but the double glazing one is cheaper.
Thermal Insulation Thermal insulation materials have an impact on the indoor air temperatures of the buildings. A well-insulated building results in lower conductivity through the building envelope fabrics, which decrease the heat flow rate and as a result, provide a comfortable indoor environment by minimum energy use( Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2013; Light House Sustainable Building Centre and Guido 2009). The amount of heat loss from building components is measured by U-values or thermal transmittance. A lower U-value means lower heat loss thorough the building fabrics and better insulation of the buildings. In this study, different insulation types, with various thicknesses, were employed to the simulation model for the external walls and the roof, to examine their effects on the indoor air temperature. The chosen thermal insulation materials were based on Iranian national building regulation recommendations which are the most typical insulation materials in Iran( Ministry of Housing and Urban Development 2009; IFCO 2012; Irima 2012).
Thermal Insulation in External Walls The original school building does not include any thermal insulation materials on the external walls. Three various type of insulation materials have been employed to the external walls including glass wool, extruded polystyrene( XPS) and expanded polystyrene( EPS). They were applied to the outer and inner sides of the external walls separately with thicknesses
Passive design strategies on indoor comfort of school buildings in hot-dry climates 755