This section will present some solutions to the rapid growth of population in Indonesia focusing on below aspects: 1. Emphasis on family planning and population policies. 2. Educating women: Allowing women rights to health care, education and employment. 3. Create an economic and social climate in which people of their own volition, will desire to have fewer children.
To accomplish demographic change that picks up the economic development and lowers the population growth, it is vital to first provide convenient solutions to poverty. Although Indonesia has witnessed major movement towards development and enlarging the urban areas, due to the instable or slow raising economy, people living in the urban areas still suffer from high living standards that draw them closer to the poverty line. In a developing country, poverty is the consequence of low productivity, corrupted and inefficient government and at an unfair distribution( gap between the rich and the poor members).
World Bank claimed that Indonesia’ s land area consist of forestlands for more than 70 %. Recent studies confirmed that around a quarter of Indonesian( 50-60 million) 80 % of them live in rural parts of the islands, 20 % live under poverty line. Poorer household in these rural areas are deprived from certain property rights, placing them in a constant pressure to relocate to banished land. Thus, it is essential to highlight rural poverty. United Nations( 2010) published a study about overcoming population growth, among successful countries; Bangladesh witnessed the most drastic change in population. Fertility rates in Bangladesh dropped 60 % from( 1970 to 1975), from 6.9 to 2.4 in( 2005 to 2010) children per woman.
Agriculture( Food Insecurity) Establishing the serious impact of poverty, Indonesia must create wide range of employment opportunities for the various categories of its society. This section prompts a main factor for the new cycle( sustainable package). Targeting the poorer societies in rural areas, agriculture profession needs to be viewed in a new perspective that will lead to specialization of labour as long-term settlements.
The following factors establish the importance of agriculture: Rehabilitation of the land which is not new to the society as Indonesia depends on agriculture and development, however due to miss guidance of consumption people used the land inefficiently led to environmental degradation. Therefore, agriculture is the best way to rehabilitate the damage caused to the land. This can be achieved through going back to employing the available natural resources such as forests, grasslands, fisheries, reefs and waterway resources. Eventually, this will push the locals to set these resources as a priority and take firmer action towards improving these resources and protecting it from further depletion. The use of soil and water ground will prevent soil erosion by planting the appropriate type of farming for the areas that are vulnerable to soil erosion. Moreover, Indonesia is considered to have a tropical climate, which creates a suitable environment for certain types of food production such as rice, coffee, tea, rubber, palm oil and tropical fruits. Thus, agriculture can fit perfectly in the available climate and individuals can use this unique tropical condition in favour of rebuilding the land.
Another factor is the restoration of the forest areas through planting trees that grow quickly and provide income through the sale of its production. At the same time, this increases the welfare of the communities around the forest by other activities, such as tourist destinations and recreational areas for locals. Furthermore, it creates long-term settlement for the inhabitants of the rural
394 ZEMCH 2015 | International Conference | Bari- Lecce, Italy