Data Collection and Analysis Strategy
2.1 Data Collected Of the 40 buildings selected, 10 were certified by LEED and 30 by BREEAM. A variety of case study buildings were chosen such that the final data set contains a mix of all the possible ratings that are achievable on the LEED and BREEAM rating systems. All of the chosen buildings were commercial( office, retail, mixed use) in nature to maintain uniformity in the typology. The buildings were distributed in different countries in the following way: UK( 22), France( 6), Belgium( 2), Poland( 2), Sweden( 2), Germany( 1), Spain( 1), Luxembourg( 1), Greece( 1), Bulgaria( 1) and Romania( 1).
Mainly three kinds of data was collected:
• Type of intelligent building technologies used
• Sustainability score achieved
• Other environmental features used in the buildings that are not intelligent( to test the internal validity and explain the outliers)
2.2 Analysis Strategy A mixed method research strategy using an embedded case study design was employed. The data collected from the case study buildings was mainly qualitative. All of the case studies were split in groups based on the rating achieved and analysed within these groups as well as inter group so as to observe patterns, make relevant observations and detect any anomalies. The findings were then aggregated across a series of individual case studies so as to strengthen the quality of the research.( Yin, 2009) This qualitative data was then inspected so as to identify the IBTs used and segregate them in the respective sub-categories of intelligent building systems. The IBTs were then enumerated for further statistical analysis. Bivariate Correlation Analysis was carried out first to help determine if the two variables i. e. building intelligence and sustainability are correlated and to ascertain a trend in the pattern. After considering the results from the correlation analysis, as a means of further exploring the complex relationship of the two variables, Regression Analysis and 5-Fold Cross Validation was carried out.
2.3 Example Case Study The Hollywood House in Woking, UK has been awarded the highest ever LEED PLATINUM score in the UK and also has the highest number of IBTs recorded. This particular case study has been chosen as an example to demonstrate the procedure used. The same procedure was followed with the rest of the case studies and each of their IBTs were identified, compartmentalised and enumerated. It is an intelligently refurbished office space that uses less energy & water and reduced its CO2 emissions & operational costs, as compared to before the refurbishment. The refurbished office floors annually use 56 % less electricity than prior to the refurbishment and 46 % less than the energy benchmark for the building.( Skanska, 2012; Hollywood House, 2013)
Building intelligence and sustainability using leed and breeam in the UK and Europe 321