4 See an interesting discussion of this from a Jewish perspective.
5 Well, actually no chains as this was either a Bronze Age event( and bronze chains would have been too expensive) or an early Iron Age event, and iron was too scarce at the time to use on slaves. Also, there is no historical evidence that whips were used on slaves in Egypt as an ongoing part of servitude – all that comes from Hollywood. But hopefully you get the idea.
6 Exodus 21: 2-11, 20-21 and Leviticus 25: 44-46 are particularly odious examples.
7 The current state of Israel is significantly larger than was the historical Judea and Israel combined.
8 An Akkadian ruler who conquered the Sumerian city states in the 23rd century and ruled the world’ s first empire.
9 The title came into use sometime in the 14th century BCE. It came to prominence around the 7th century BCE, and provides thereby some support for the contention of the date of the Hebrew Bible’ s composition in the same or later period.
10 Depending on what imaginary date you are using for the events of the Exodus. Even Jewish apologists can’ t agree on which Egyptian King the Exodus is referencing as there is no evidence of any Egyptian King matching the profile of the one described in the Hebrew Bible, which of course should not surprise us since it’ s a fictional story.
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